Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.21.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वां य॒ज्ञेष्वृ॒त्विजं॒ चारु॑मग्ने॒ नि षे॑दिरे । घृ॒तप्र॑तीकं॒ मनु॑षो॒ वि वो॒ मदे॑ शु॒क्रं चेति॑ष्ठम॒क्षभि॒र्विव॑क्षसे ॥
त्वां यज्ञेष्वृत्विजं चारुमग्ने नि षेदिरे । घृतप्रतीकं मनुषो वि वो मदे शुक्रं चेतिष्ठमक्षभिर्विवक्षसे ॥
tvāṃ yajñeṣv ṛtvijaṃ cārum agne ni ṣedire | ghṛtapratīkam manuṣo vi vo made śukraṃ cetiṣṭham akṣabhir vivakṣase ||

English translation:

Agni, you, the mighty one, are known far and wide by your radiant lustre; bellowing, you rush like abull, you impregnate the sister (plural nts) in your exhilaration; you are mighty.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Vivakṣase = mahān bhavasi; vi vomade = in your; or, for your exhilaration, i.e., for the sake of the various kinds of exhilaration produced by drinkingthe Soma;

Vaḥ = Agni; or, viśvedevāḥ; or, connected with vivakṣase as cause and effect, as made sañjatesati yasmād evam kṛtavān asi tasmāt tvam mahān bhavasi, the inebriation produced, i.e., since you havethus acted, you are great; The words vi vo made, seems like a quote or Soma-drinking refrain; perhaps also aplay upon the name Viimada

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vimada aindraḥ prājāpatyo vā vasukṛdvā vāsukraḥ [vimada aindra prājāpatya vā vasukṛdvā vāsukra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वाम् । य॒ज्ञेषु॑ । ऋ॒त्विज॑म् । चारु॑म् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । नि । से॒दि॒रे॒ । घृ॒तऽप्र॑तीकम् । मनु॑षः । वि । वः॒ । मदे॑ । शु॒कम् । चेति॑ष्ठम् । अ॒क्षऽभिः॑ । विव॑क्षसे ॥
त्वाम् । यज्ञेषु । ऋत्विजम् । चारुम् । अग्ने । नि । सेदिरे । घृतप्रतीकम् । मनुषः । वि । वः । मदे । शुकम् । चेतिष्ठम् । अक्षभिः । विवक्षसे ॥
tvām | yajñeṣu | ṛtvijam | cārum | agne | ni | sedire | ghṛta-pratīkam | manuṣaḥ | vi | vaḥ | made | śukam | cetiṣṭham | akṣa-bhiḥ | vivakṣase

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.21.7 English analysis of grammar]

tvāṃ < tvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

yajñeṣv < yajñeṣu < yajña

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

ṛtvijaṃ < ṛtvijam < ṛtvij

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“ṛtvij; ṛtvij [word].”

cārum < cāru

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“pleasant; beautiful; beloved; agreeable; cāru [word].”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

ni

[adverb]

“back; down.”

ṣedire < sad

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”

ghṛtapratīkam < ghṛta

[noun], neuter

“ghee; fat.”

ghṛtapratīkam < pratīkam < pratīka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“face; surface.”

manuṣo < manuṣaḥ < manus

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Manu; man.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

vo < vaḥ < tvad

[noun], dative, plural

“you.”

made < mada

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

śukraṃ < śukram < śukra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“bright; clear; white; light; pure.”

cetiṣṭham < cetiṣṭha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“attentive.”

akṣabhir < akṣabhiḥ < akṣa

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“eye; akṣa [word]; hole.”

vivakṣase < vivakṣ < √vac

[verb], singular, Present indikative

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