Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.21.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आग्निं न स्ववृ॑क्तिभि॒र्होता॑रं त्वा वृणीमहे । य॒ज्ञाय॑ स्ती॒र्णब॑र्हिषे॒ वि वो॒ मदे॑ शी॒रं पा॑व॒कशो॑चिषं॒ विव॑क्षसे ॥
आग्निं न स्ववृक्तिभिर्होतारं त्वा वृणीमहे । यज्ञाय स्तीर्णबर्हिषे वि वो मदे शीरं पावकशोचिषं विवक्षसे ॥
āgniṃ na svavṛktibhir hotāraṃ tvā vṛṇīmahe | yajñāya stīrṇabarhiṣe vi vo made śīram pāvakaśociṣaṃ vivakṣase ||

English translation:

“We invoke you now, Agni, invoker (of the gods), with our voluntary (praises) for the sacrifice, at whichthe sacred grass is spread; you, who underlying (all things), who (diffuses) purifying radiance, (we invoke) foryour exhilaration; you are mighty.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vimada aindraḥ prājāpatyo vā vasukṛdvā vāsukraḥ [vimada aindra prājāpatya vā vasukṛdvā vāsukra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛtpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ । अ॒ग्निम् । न । स्ववृ॑क्तिऽभिः । होता॑रम् । त्वा॒ । वृ॒णी॒म॒हे॒ । य॒ज्ञाय॑ । स्ती॒र्णऽब॑र्हिषे । वि । वः॒ । मदे॑ । शी॒रम् । पा॒व॒कऽशो॑चिषम् । विव॑क्षसे ॥
आ । अग्निम् । न । स्ववृक्तिभिः । होतारम् । त्वा । वृणीमहे । यज्ञाय । स्तीर्णबर्हिषे । वि । वः । मदे । शीरम् । पावकशोचिषम् । विवक्षसे ॥
ā | agnim | na | svavṛkti-bhiḥ | hotāram | tvā | vṛṇīmahe | yajñāya | stīrṇa-barhi ṣe | vi | vaḥ | made | śīram | pāvaka-śociṣam | vivakṣase

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.21.1 English analysis of grammar]

āgniṃ < ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

āgniṃ < agnim < agni

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

svavṛktibhir < svavṛktibhiḥ < svavṛkti

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

hotāraṃ < hotāram < hotṛ

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

tvā < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

vṛṇīmahe < vṛ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“choose; ask.”

yajñāya < yajña

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

stīrṇabarhiṣe < stīrṇa < stṛ

[verb noun]

“spread; kill; lay; cover.”

stīrṇabarhiṣe < barhiṣe < barhis

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Barhis; barhis [word].”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

vo < vaḥ < tvad

[noun], dative, plural

“you.”

made < mada

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“drunkenness; mada; estrus; excitement; sexual arousal; alcohol; musth; mad; mada; ecstasy; pride; drink; joy; arrogance; vivification.”

śīram < śīra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sharp; acerb.”

pāvakaśociṣaṃ < pāvaka

[noun]

“pure; purifying; pure; āgneya; clear; bright; bright.”

pāvakaśociṣaṃ < śociṣam < śocis

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“fire; flare; burn; radiance.”

vivakṣase < vivakṣ < √vac

[verb], singular, Present indikative

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