Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.18.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उदी॑र्ष्व नार्य॒भि जी॑वलो॒कं ग॒तासु॑मे॒तमुप॑ शेष॒ एहि॑ । ह॒स्त॒ग्रा॒भस्य॑ दिधि॒षोस्तवे॒दं पत्यु॑र्जनि॒त्वम॒भि सं ब॑भूथ ॥
उदीर्ष्व नार्यभि जीवलोकं गतासुमेतमुप शेष एहि । हस्तग्राभस्य दिधिषोस्तवेदं पत्युर्जनित्वमभि सं बभूथ ॥
ud īrṣva nāry abhi jīvalokaṃ gatāsum etam upa śeṣa ehi | hastagrābhasya didhiṣos tavedam patyur janitvam abhi sam babhūtha ||

English translation:

“Rise, woman, (and go) to the world of living beings; come, this man near whom you sleep is lifeless;you have enjoyed this state of being the wife of your husband, the suitor who took you by the band.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

This verseis to be spoken by the husband's brother, etc., to the wife of the dead man, and he is to make her leave herhusband's body: (Āśvalāyana Gṛhya Sūtra, 4.2); go to beings = go to the home of the living, i.e., your sons,grandsons etc.

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): saṅkusuko yāmāyanaḥ [saṅkusuka yāmāyana];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): pitṛmedhaḥ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उत् । ई॒र्ष्व॒ । ना॒रि॒ । अ॒भि । जी॒व॒ऽलो॒कम् । ग॒तऽअ॑सुम् । ए॒तम् । उप॑ । शे॒षे॒ । आ । इ॒हि॒ । ह॒स्त॒ऽग्रा॒भस्य॑ । दि॒धि॒षोः । तव॑ । इ॒दम् । पत्युः॑ । ज॒नि॒ऽत्वम् । अ॒भि । सम् । ब॒भू॒थ॒ ॥
उत् । ईर्ष्व । नारि । अभि । जीवलोकम् । गतअसुम् । एतम् । उप । शेषे । आ । इहि । हस्तग्राभस्य । दिधिषोः । तव । इदम् । पत्युः । जनित्वम् । अभि । सम् । बभूथ ॥
ut | īrṣva | nāri | abhi | jīva-lokam | gata-asum | etam | upa | śeṣe | ā | ihi | hasta-grābhasya | didhiṣoḥ | tava | idam | patyuḥ | jani-tvam | abhi | sam | babhūtha

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.18.8 English analysis of grammar]

ud

[adverb]

“up.”

īrṣva < īr

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“go.”

nāry < nāri < nārī

[noun], vocative, singular, feminine

“woman; wife; female.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

jīvalokaṃ < jīva

[noun]

“live; alive(p); amṛta.”

jīvalokaṃ < lokam < loka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Loka; Earth; world; vernacular; people; room; world; Earth; loka [word]; space; Loka; topographic point; region; common sense.”

gatāsum < gatāsu

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“dead; doomed.”

etam < etad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

śeṣa < śeṣe < śī

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“lie; sleep.”

ehi < e < √i

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“come; travel.”

hastagrābhasya < hasta

[noun], masculine

“hand; hand; proboscis; hasta [word]; autograph.”

hastagrābhasya < grābhasya < grābha

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

didhiṣos < didhiṣoḥ < didhiṣu

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“husband.”

tavedam < tava < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

tavedam < idam

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

patyur < patyuḥ < pati

[noun], genitive, singular

“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”

janitvam < jani

[noun], feminine

“wife; jan; woman; jani [word]; birth.”

janitvam < tvam < tva

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“state; quality; cause; reason.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

babhūtha < bhū

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

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