Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.18.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यथाहा॑न्यनुपू॒र्वं भव॑न्ति॒ यथ॑ ऋ॒तव॑ ऋ॒तुभि॒र्यन्ति॑ सा॒धु । यथा॒ न पूर्व॒मप॑रो॒ जहा॑त्ये॒वा धा॑त॒रायूं॑षि कल्पयैषाम् ॥
यथाहान्यनुपूर्वं भवन्ति यथ ऋतव ऋतुभिर्यन्ति साधु । यथा न पूर्वमपरो जहात्येवा धातरायूंषि कल्पयैषाम् ॥
yathāhāny anupūrvam bhavanti yatha ṛtava ṛtubhir yanti sādhu | yathā na pūrvam aparo jahāty evā dhātar āyūṃṣi kalpayaiṣām ||

English translation:

“As days pass along in succession; as season are duly followed by seasons; as the successor doesnot abandon his predecessor, so, Dhātā, support the lives of these (my kinsmen).”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

As the successor: i.e., as ason does not leave his father by dying first

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): saṅkusuko yāmāyanaḥ [saṅkusuka yāmāyana];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): dhātā ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यथा॑ । अहा॑नि । अ॒नु॒ऽपू॒र्वम् । भव॑न्ति । यथा॑ । ऋ॒तवः॑ । ऋ॒तुऽभिः॑ । य॒न्ति॑ । सा॒धु । यथा॑ । न । पूर्व॑म् । अप॑रः । जहा॑ति । ए॒व । धा॒तः॒ । आयूं॑षि । क॒ल्प॒य॒ । ए॒षाम् ॥
यथा । अहानि । अनुपूर्वम् । भवन्ति । यथा । ऋतवः । ऋतुभिः । यन्ति । साधु । यथा । न । पूर्वम् । अपरः । जहाति । एव । धातः । आयूंषि । कल्पय । एषाम् ॥
yathā | ahāni | anu-pūrvam | bhavanti | yathā | ṛtavaḥ | ṛtu-bhiḥ | yanti | sādhu | yathā | na | pūrvam | aparaḥ | jahāti | eva | dhātaḥ | āyūṃṣi | kalpaya | eṣām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.18.5 English analysis of grammar]

yathāhāny < yathā

[adverb]

“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

yathāhāny < ahāni < ahar

[noun], nominative, plural, neuter

“day; day; ahar [word]; day; day.”

anupūrvam < anupūrva

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“consecutive; regular; regular.”

bhavanti < bhū

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

yatha < yathā

[adverb]

“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

ṛtava < ṛtavaḥ < ṛtu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“season; turn; menstruation; ṛtu [word]; time period; order; six.”

ṛtubhir < ṛtubhiḥ < ṛtu

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“season; turn; menstruation; ṛtu [word]; time period; order; six.”

yanti < i

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

sādhu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“good; good; correct; correct; sādhu [word]; excellent; efficient.”

yathā

[adverb]

“equally; as; so that; like; how; yathā [word]; that; wherein.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

pūrvam < pūrva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”

aparo < aparaḥ < apara

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“other; another(a); following; western; future; apara [word]; elder; remaining; some(a); later(a); back(a).”

jahāty < jahāti <

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“abandon; decrease; want; kill; deteriorate; get rid of; exclude; lose; avoid; remove; leave; abandon; neglect; leave; discard; apostatize; discontinue; weaken; abandon; assail; subtract; foreswear; pour away; withdraw; depart; reduce.”

evā < eva

[adverb]

“indeed; merely; thus; even; surely; same; eva [word]; successively; immediately; in truth.”

dhātar < dhātṛ

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Brahma; Dhātṛ; creator; Dhātṛ.”

āyūṃṣi < āyus

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“life; longevity; āyus; life; āyus [word]; Āyus.”

kalpayaiṣām < kalpaya < kalpay < √kᄆp

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“prepare; assign; create; produce; fix; restore; order; prepare; imitate; restore; make; treat.”

kalpayaiṣām < eṣām < idam

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

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