Rig Veda 10.15.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उदी॑रता॒मव॑र॒ उत्परा॑स॒ उन्म॑ध्य॒माः पि॒तर॑: सो॒म्यास॑: । असुं॒ य ई॒युर॑वृ॒का ऋ॑त॒ज्ञास्ते नो॑ऽवन्तु पि॒तरो॒ हवे॑षु ॥
उदीरतामवर उत्परास उन्मध्यमाः पितरः सोम्यासः । असुं य ईयुरवृका ऋतज्ञास्ते नोऽवन्तु पितरो हवेषु ॥
ud īratām avara ut parāsa un madhyamāḥ pitaraḥ somyāsaḥ | asuṃ ya īyur avṛkā ṛtajñās te no 'vantu pitaro haveṣu ||

English translation:

“Let the lower, the upper, the intermediate Pitṛs, rise up, accepting the Soma libation; may thoseprogenitors who, unlike wolves, acknowledging our offerings, have come to preserve our lives, protect us uponour invocations.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Pitṛs: three chief classes of the Pitṛs or manes are enumerated. RV 10.14.6 enumerated aṅgirasas, atharvasand bhṛgus; in Manu, the three classes are: agniśvāttas, barhiṣads and saumyās; Manu's enumerationoccurs in this sūkta; lower, upper and intermediate pitṛs: the degrees of merit arise first from the steadydischarge of duties enjoined by the Vedas; secondly, by performance of those enjoined by the law books; andfinally, when there has been some deficiency in some of the purificatory rites (saṃskāras);

Udiratam = let themobtain the best oblation; or, urdhvalokam gacchantu, let them go to the upper region (Yajus. 19.49);

Unlikewolves: avṛkāḥ = not wolves, i.e., not mischievous;

Ṛtajñaḥ = knowing truth; or, grateful for what has beendone in their honour; asum ya īyuḥ = who have gone to life, or breath, asmatprāṇam rakṣitum prāptaḥ; or,identical with air, having assumed the form of the air

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): śaṅkho yāmāyanaḥ [śaṅkha yāmāyana];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): pitaraḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उत् । ई॒र॒ता॒म् । अव॑रे । उत् । परा॑सः । उत् । म॒ध्य॒माः । पि॒तरः॑ । सो॒म्यासः॑ । असु॑म् । ये । ई॒युः । अ॒वृ॒काः । ऋ॒त॒ऽज्ञाः । ते । नः॒ । अ॒व॒न्तु॒ । पि॒तरः॑ । हवे॑षु ॥
उत् । ईरताम् । अवरे । उत् । परासः । उत् । मध्यमाः । पितरः । सोम्यासः । असुम् । ये । ईयुः । अवृकाः । ऋतज्ञाः । ते । नः । अवन्तु । पितरः । हवेषु ॥
ut | īratām | avare | ut | parāsaḥ | ut | madhyamāḥ | pitaraḥ | somyāsaḥ | asum | ye | īyuḥ | avṛkāḥ | ṛta-jñāḥ | te | naḥ | avantu | pitaraḥ | haveṣu

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.15.1 English analysis of grammar]