Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.8.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उ॒षौ॑षो॒ हि व॑सो॒ अग्र॒मेषि॒ त्वं य॒मयो॑रभवो वि॒भावा॑ । ऋ॒ताय॑ स॒प्त द॑धिषे प॒दानि॑ ज॒नय॑न्मि॒त्रं त॒न्वे॒३॒॑ स्वायै॑ ॥
उषौषो हि वसो अग्रमेषि त्वं यमयोरभवो विभावा । ऋताय सप्त दधिषे पदानि जनयन्मित्रं तन्वे स्वायै ॥
uṣa-uṣo hi vaso agram eṣi tvaṃ yamayor abhavo vibhāvā | ṛtāya sapta dadhiṣe padāni janayan mitraṃ tanve svāyai ||
English translation:
“Opulent Agni, you precede dawn after dawn. You are the illuminator of the twin (day and night);engendering Mitra from your own person n, you retain seven plural ces for sacrifice.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Mitra: the sun; seven plural ces: theseven altars for the fire: dhisṇyā etc.
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): triśirāstvāṣṭraḥ [triśirāstvāṣṭra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
उ॒षःऽउ॑षः । हि । व॒सो॒ इति॑ । अग्र॑म् । एषि॑ । त्वम् । य॒मयोः॑ । अ॒भ॒वः॒ । वि॒भाऽवा॑ । ऋ॒ताय॑ । स॒प्त । द॒धि॒षे॒ । प॒दानि॑ । ज॒नय॑न् । मि॒त्रम् । त॒न्वे॑ । स्वायै॑ ॥
उषःउषः । हि । वसो इति । अग्रम् । एषि । त्वम् । यमयोः । अभवः । विभावा । ऋताय । सप्त । दधिषे । पदानि । जनयन् । मित्रम् । तन्वे । स्वायै ॥
uṣaḥ-uṣaḥ | hi | vaso iti | agram | eṣi | tvam | yamayoḥ | abhavaḥ | vibhāvā | ṛtāya | sapta | dadhiṣe | padāni | janayan | mitram | tanve | svāyai
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.8.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], vocative, singular
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], vocative, singular
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“good; good; benign; vasu [word].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“tip; beginning; peak; end; front; top; beginning; battlefront; agra [word]; acme; fingertip; top; best; optimum; climax; matter; glans.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], nominative, singular
“you.”
[noun], genitive, dual, masculine
“Yama; yama; twin; yam; Yama; two; bridle; yama [word]; Asvins.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“illuminating; shining.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“seven; seventh.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“cause; give birth; produce; beget; generate; originate; create; create; make.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“friend; Mitra; mitra [word]; sun; ally.”
[noun], dative, singular, feminine
“body; self; own(a); person; form.”
[noun], dative, singular, feminine
“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”