Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.5.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒तस्य॒ हि व॑र्त॒नय॒: सुजा॑त॒मिषो॒ वाजा॑य प्र॒दिव॒: सच॑न्ते । अ॒धी॒वा॒सं रोद॑सी वावसा॒ने घृ॒तैरन्नै॑र्वावृधाते॒ मधू॑नाम् ॥
ऋतस्य हि वर्तनयः सुजातमिषो वाजाय प्रदिवः सचन्ते । अधीवासं रोदसी वावसाने घृतैरन्नैर्वावृधाते मधूनाम् ॥
ṛtasya hi vartanayaḥ sujātam iṣo vājāya pradivaḥ sacante | adhīvāsaṃ rodasī vāvasāne ghṛtair annair vāvṛdhāte madhūnām ||

English translation:

“The ancient celebrators of the rite desiring (boons) wait on (Agni), rightly born, for the sake of food;the all-comprising heaven and earth cherish him, who abodes above the heavens, with the sacrificial butter andfood (produced) from the water.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Desiring boons: iṣaḥ = an epithet of the ṛtvigyajamānāḥ, meaning:abhilaṣitānīccantaḥ, desiring boons; it may mean 'feed', linked with sacante: vājāya = for the sake ofstrength

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): tritaḥ [trita];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒तस्य॑ । हि । व॒र्त॒नयः॑ । सुऽजा॑तम् । इषः॑ । वाजा॑य । प्र॒ऽदिवः॑ । सच॑न्ते । अ॒धी॒वा॒सम् । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । व॒व॒सा॒ने इति॑ । घृ॒तैः । अन्नैः॑ । व॒वृ॒धा॒ते॒ इति॑ । मधू॑नाम् ॥
ऋतस्य । हि । वर्तनयः । सुजातम् । इषः । वाजाय । प्रदिवः । सचन्ते । अधीवासम् । रोदसी इति । ववसाने इति । घृतैः । अन्नैः । ववृधाते इति । मधूनाम् ॥
ṛtasya | hi | vartanayaḥ | su-jātam | iṣaḥ | vājāya | pra-divaḥ | sacante | adhīvāsam | rodasī iti | vavasāne iti | ghṛtaiḥ | annaiḥ | vavṛdhāteiti | madhūnām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.5.4 English analysis of grammar]

ṛtasya < ṛta

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“truth; order; fixed order; ṛta [word]; law; custom; custom.”

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

vartanayaḥ < vartani

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“path; East; way.”

sujātam < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sujātam < jātam < jan

[verb noun], accusative, singular

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

iṣo < iṣaḥ < iṣ

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

vājāya < vāja

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”

pradivaḥ < pradiv

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“age-old; long.”

sacante < sac

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“accompany; follow; company; obey; participate; enter.”

adhīvāsaṃ < adhīvāsam < adhīvāsa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

rodasī < rodas

[noun], nominative, dual, neuter

“heaven and earth; Earth.”

vāvasāne < vas

[verb noun], nominative, dual

“wear.”

ghṛtair < ghṛtaiḥ < ghṛta

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“ghee; fat.”

annair < annaiḥ < anna

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“food; foodstuff; grain; anna [word]; eating; boiled rice; meal.”

vāvṛdhāte < vṛdh

[verb], dual, Perfect indicative

“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

madhūnām < madhu

[noun], genitive, plural, neuter

“honey; alcohol; sweet; nectar; madhu [word].”

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