Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.4.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त॒नू॒त्यजे॑व॒ तस्क॑रा वन॒र्गू र॑श॒नाभि॑र्द॒शभि॑र॒भ्य॑धीताम् । इ॒यं ते॑ अग्ने॒ नव्य॑सी मनी॒षा यु॒क्ष्वा रथं॒ न शु॒चय॑द्भि॒रङ्गै॑: ॥
तनूत्यजेव तस्करा वनर्गू रशनाभिर्दशभिरभ्यधीताम् । इयं ते अग्ने नव्यसी मनीषा युक्ष्वा रथं न शुचयद्भिरङ्गैः ॥
tanūtyajeva taskarā vanargū raśanābhir daśabhir abhy adhītām | iyaṃ te agne navyasī manīṣā yukṣvā rathaṃ na śucayadbhir aṅgaiḥ ||

English translation:

“As two daring robbers lurking in a forest seize (upon a traveller) with ten cords, (so the two handsseize upon the touchwood, with the ten fingers). This new praise, Agni, is addressed to you; attach thyself (to mysacrifice) with your radiant members; as (they harness horses) to a car.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Daring: tanutyaja = body-abandoning,martum kṛtaniśayau, ready to die, dhṛṣṭau, daring, bold; so the two hands: as two daring robbers going in awood lay hold of with ten ropes, tanutyajeva taskarā vanargū raśanābhir daśabhir abhyadhīyatām:Yāska 3.14: agnimanthanau bāhū taskarābhyām upamimīte, two arms churning the fire are compared totwo thieves

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): tritaḥ [trita];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त॒नू॒त्यजा॑ऽइव । तस्क॑रा । व॒न॒र्गू इति॑ । र॒श॒नाभिः॑ । द॒शऽभिः॑ । अ॒भि । अ॒धी॒ता॒म् । इ॒यम् । ते॒ । अ॒ग्ने॒ । नव्य॑सी । म॒नी॒षा । यु॒क्ष्व । रथ॑म् । न । शु॒चय॑त्ऽभिः । अङ्गैः॑ ॥
तनूत्यजाइव । तस्करा । वनर्गू इति । रशनाभिः । दशभिः । अभि । अधीताम् । इयम् । ते । अग्ने । नव्यसी । मनीषा । युक्ष्व । रथम् । न । शुचयत्भिः । अङ्गैः ॥
tanūtyajāiva | taskarā | vanargū iti | raśanābhiḥ | daśa-bhiḥ | abhi | adhītām | iyam | te | agne | navyasī | manīṣā | yukṣva | ratham | na | śucayat-bhiḥ | aṅgaiḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.4.6 English analysis of grammar]

tanūtyajeva < tanūtyajā < tanūtyaj

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

tanūtyajeva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

taskarā < taskara

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“thief; mugger.”

vanargū < vanargu

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“barbarian.”

raśanābhir < raśanābhiḥ < raśanā

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“rein; bridle; girdle; cord.”

daśabhir < daśabhiḥ < daśan

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

abhy < abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

adhītām < dhā

[verb], dual, Root aorist (Ind.)

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

iyaṃ < iyam < idam

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

navyasī < navīyas

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“new; fresh; up-to-the-minute.”

manīṣā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“hymn; inspiration; idea; thinking; wish; consideration; intelligence.”

yukṣvā < yuj

[verb], singular, Aorist imperative

“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

rathaṃ < ratham < ratha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

śucayadbhir < śucayadbhiḥ < śocay < √śuc

[verb noun], instrumental, plural

“distress; afflict; burn.”

aṅgaiḥ < aṅga

[noun], instrumental, plural, neuter

“body part; body; part; limb; extremity; Vedāṅga; section; root; army unit; aṅga [word]; subsection; aṅgamantra; part; body; ingredient.”

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