Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.4.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यं त्वा॒ जना॑सो अ॒भि सं॒चर॑न्ति॒ गाव॑ उ॒ष्णमि॑व व्र॒जं य॑विष्ठ । दू॒तो दे॒वाना॑मसि॒ मर्त्या॑नाम॒न्तर्म॒हाँश्च॑रसि रोच॒नेन॑ ॥
यं त्वा जनासो अभि संचरन्ति गाव उष्णमिव व्रजं यविष्ठ । दूतो देवानामसि मर्त्यानामन्तर्महाँश्चरसि रोचनेन ॥
yaṃ tvā janāso abhi saṃcaranti gāva uṣṇam iva vrajaṃ yaviṣṭha | dūto devānām asi martyānām antar mahām̐ś carasi rocanena ||
English translation:
“Men have recourse to you, Agni, youngest (of the gods), as cattle hasten to the warm stall. You arethe messenger of the gods and of mortals; mighty, you proceed by the firmament between (heaven and earth). sustains you. You come, eager from above the firmament, by a downward path, and when released (after theoblation is offered), you desire to go back like cattle (to their stall).”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): tritaḥ [trita];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यम् । त्वा॒ । जना॑सः । अ॒भि । स॒म्ऽचर॑न्ति । गावः॑ । उ॒ष्णम्ऽइ॑व । व्र॒जम् । य॒वि॒ष्ठ॒ । दू॒तः । दे॒वाना॑म् । अ॒सि॒ । मर्त्या॑नाम् । अ॒न्तः । म॒हान् । च॒र॒सि॒ । रो॒च॒नेन॑ ॥
यम् । त्वा । जनासः । अभि । सम्चरन्ति । गावः । उष्णम्इव । व्रजम् । यविष्ठ । दूतः । देवानाम् । असि । मर्त्यानाम् । अन्तः । महान् । चरसि । रोचनेन ॥
yam | tvā | janāsaḥ | abhi | sam-caranti | gāvaḥ | uṣṇam-iva | vrajam | yaviṣṭha | dūtaḥ | devānām | asi | martyānām | antaḥ | mahān | carasi | rocanena
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.4.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”
[adverb]
“towards; on.”
[verb], plural, Present indikative
“wander; approach; meet.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“uṣṇa; hot; warm; uṣṇa; passionate; uṣṇa [word]; pungent.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“youngest.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“messenger; emissary; dūta [word].”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
[adverb]
“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“large; eminent; great; loud; dangerous; strong; long; high; much(a); mahant [word]; ample; very; great; adult; important; dark; high; abundant; violent; remarkable; mighty; big; long.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“car; wander; perform; travel; bore; produce; make; dwell; dig; act; observe; enter (a state); observe; cause; crop; behave; practice; heed; process; administer.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“light; celestial sphere.”