Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.3.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इ॒नो रा॑जन्नर॒तिः समि॑द्धो॒ रौद्रो॒ दक्षा॑य सुषु॒माँ अ॑दर्शि । चि॒किद्वि भा॑ति भा॒सा बृ॑ह॒तासि॑क्नीमेति॒ रुश॑तीम॒पाज॑न् ॥
इनो राजन्नरतिः समिद्धो रौद्रो दक्षाय सुषुमाँ अदर्शि । चिकिद्वि भाति भासा बृहतासिक्नीमेति रुशतीमपाजन् ॥
ino rājann aratiḥ samiddho raudro dakṣāya suṣumām̐ adarśi | cikid vi bhāti bhāsā bṛhatāsiknīm eti ruśatīm apājan ||
English translation:
“Royal Agni, (you are) the lord (of all). He who is the conveyer of the oblation, the radiant, theformidable, the recipient of the Soma, is manifested for the benefaction (of the worshipper); all-knowing, heshines forth with great lustre; he proceeds, scattering the glimmering darkness.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Glimmering darkness: anallusion to the burnt sacrifices at sunset and in the morning; asiknim eti ruśatīm apājan = śvetavarṇāmdīptim apagamayan = he goes to the night driving away the white shining light
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): tritaḥ [trita];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इ॒नः । रा॒ज॒न् । अ॒र॒तिः । सम्ऽइ॑द्धः । रौद्रः॑ । दक्षा॑य । सु॒सु॒ऽमान् । अ॒द॒र्शि॒ । चि॒कित् । वि । भा॒ति॒ । बृ॒ह॒ता । असि॑क्नीम् । ए॒ति॒ । रुश॑तीम् । अ॒प॒ऽअज॑न् ॥
इनः । राजन् । अरतिः । सम्इद्धः । रौद्रः । दक्षाय । सुसुमान् । अदर्शि । चिकित् । वि । भाति । बृहता । असिक्नीम् । एति । रुशतीम् । अपअजन् ॥
inaḥ | rājan | aratiḥ | sam-iddhaḥ | raudraḥ | dakṣāya | susu-mān | adarśi | cikit | vi | bhāti | bṛhatā | asiknīm | eti | ruśatīm | apa-ajan
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.3.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“mighty; powerful.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“charioteer.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“kindle; blaze.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“terrific; shivaite; intense; violent; fierce; barbarous; barbarian.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Aorist passive
“see; observe; view; visit; look; learn; meet; read; teach; examine; watch; see; notice; perceive; diagnose; travel to; show; detect; know; know; understand; understand; follow.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“look; shine; show; look like; glitter; reflect.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“beam; radiance; bhās [word]; fire.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“Asiknī; Vairiṇī; night.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“white; bright; bright.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“chase away.”