Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 9.97.54
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
मही॒मे अ॑स्य॒ वृष॒नाम॑ शू॒षे माँश्च॑त्वे वा॒ पृश॑ने वा॒ वध॑त्रे । अस्वा॑पयन्नि॒गुत॑: स्ने॒हय॒च्चापा॒मित्राँ॒ अपा॒चितो॑ अचे॒तः ॥
महीमे अस्य वृषनाम शूषे माँश्चत्वे वा पृशने वा वधत्रे । अस्वापयन्निगुतः स्नेहयच्चापामित्राँ अपाचितो अचेतः ॥
mahīme asya vṛṣanāma śūṣe mām̐ścatve vā pṛśane vā vadhatre | asvāpayan nigutaḥ snehayac cāpāmitrām̐ apācito acetaḥ ||
English translation:
“These two great acts, the raining (of arrows) and the humiliation (of foes), are the givers of happiness; they are deadly either in a fight on horseback or in a hand to hand fight; he has put the foes to sleep and driven them away; doyou (Soma) drive away the enemies and unbelievers.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
In a fight on horseback: māṃścatve = a horse, i.e., a battle fought with horses; derived from: makṣu carati;
Pṛśane = bāhuyuddhe, an arm-fight (person nal combat);
Unbelievers: acitaḥ = those who do not make an agnicayanam (preparation of the sacred fire-plural ce), i.e., infidels
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ [kutsa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): pavamānaḥ somaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
महि॑ । इ॒मे इति॑ । अ॒स्य॒ । वृष॒नाम॑ । शू॒षे इति॑ । माँश्च॑त्वे । वा॒ । पृश॑ने । वा॒ । वध॑त्रे॒ इति॑ । अस्वा॑पयत् । नि॒ऽगुतः॑ । स्ने॒हय॑त् । च॒ । अप॑ । अ॒मित्रा॑न् । अप॑ । अ॒चितः॑ । अ॒च॒ । इ॒तः ॥
महि । इमे इति । अस्य । वृषनाम । शूषे इति । माँश्चत्वे । वा । पृशने । वा । वधत्रे इति । अस्वापयत् । निगुतः । स्नेहयत् । च । अप । अमित्रान् । अप । अचितः । अच । इतः ॥
mahi | ime iti | asya | vṛṣanāma | śūṣe iti | māṃścatve | vā | pṛśane | vā | vadhatreiti | asvāpayat | ni-gutaḥ | snehayat | ca | apa | amitrān | apa | acitaḥ | aca | itaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 9.97.54 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“great; firm.”
[noun], nominative, dual, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[noun], masculine
“bull; vṛṣa [word]; vṛṣ; Justicia gendarussa Burm.F.; bull; Taurus; bull.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“song; energy.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“or; optionally; either.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
[adverb]
“or; optionally; either.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“weapon.”
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“put to sleep.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“anoint.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[adverb]
“away.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“enemy; foe.”
[adverb]
“away.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”