Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 9.91.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
रु॒जा दृ॒ळ्हा चि॑द्र॒क्षस॒: सदां॑सि पुना॒न इ॑न्द ऊर्णुहि॒ वि वाजा॑न् । वृ॒श्चोपरि॑ष्टात्तुज॒ता व॒धेन॒ ये अन्ति॑ दू॒रादु॑पना॒यमे॑षाम् ॥
रुजा दृळ्हा चिद्रक्षसः सदांसि पुनान इन्द ऊर्णुहि वि वाजान् । वृश्चोपरिष्टात्तुजता वधेन ये अन्ति दूरादुपनायमेषाम् ॥
rujā dṛḻhā cid rakṣasaḥ sadāṃsi punāna inda ūrṇuhi vi vājān | vṛścopariṣṭāt tujatā vadhena ye anti dūrād upanāyam eṣām ||
English translation:
“Demolish the strong dwellings of the rākṣasa; Indu, when purified put on his strength; cut to pieces with your destructive weapon (the rākṣasas) who come from above, from nigh, or from afar and their leader.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kaśyapaḥ [kaśyapa];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): pavamānaḥ somaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
रु॒जा । दृ॒ळ्हा । चि॒त् । र॒क्षसः॑ । सदां॑सि । पु॒ना॒नः । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । ऊ॒र्णु॒हि॒ । वि । वाजा॑न् । वृ॒श्च । उ॒परि॑ष्टात् । तु॒ज॒ता । व॒धेन॑ । ये । अन्ति॑ । दू॒रात् । उ॒प॒ऽना॒यम् । ए॒षा॒म् ॥
रुजा । दृळ्हा । चित् । रक्षसः । सदांसि । पुनानः । इन्दो इति । ऊर्णुहि । वि । वाजान् । वृश्च । उपरिष्टात् । तुजता । वधेन । ये । अन्ति । दूरात् । उपनायम् । एषाम् ॥
rujā | dṛḷhā | cit | rakṣasaḥ | sadāṃsi | punānaḥ | indo iti | ūrṇuhi | vi | vājān | vṛśca | upariṣṭāt | tujatā | vadhena | ye | anti | dūrāt | upa-nāyam | eṣām
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 9.91.4 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“break; bend.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“hard; intense; firm; fixed; resolute; mesomorphic; grim; dṛḍha [word]; rainproof; sturdy; shut; firm; insoluble; strong; tough; tight.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Rākṣasa.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“mansion; assembly; seat; seat.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“purify; filter; blow; purify; purge; sift.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“surround; accompany; cover; cover; obstruct; check; spread; envelop.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”
[verb], singular, Present imperative
“cleave; fell; cut off; hew.”
[adverb]
“above; upariṣṭāt [word]; below.”
[verb noun], instrumental, singular
“draw.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“killing; weapon; māraṇa; execution; destruction; vadh-; Vadha; dysfunction; punishment; kick.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[adverb]
[adverb]
“far.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”