Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.96.16

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वं ह॒ त्यत्स॒प्तभ्यो॒ जाय॑मानोऽश॒त्रुभ्यो॑ अभव॒: शत्रु॑रिन्द्र । गू॒ळ्हे द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी अन्व॑विन्दो विभु॒मद्भ्यो॒ भुव॑नेभ्यो॒ रणं॑ धाः ॥
त्वं ह त्यत्सप्तभ्यो जायमानोऽशत्रुभ्यो अभवः शत्रुरिन्द्र । गूळ्हे द्यावापृथिवी अन्वविन्दो विभुमद्भ्यो भुवनेभ्यो रणं धाः ॥
tvaṃ ha tyat saptabhyo jāyamāno 'śatrubhyo abhavaḥ śatrur indra | gūḻhe dyāvāpṛthivī anv avindo vibhumadbhyo bhuvanebhyo raṇaṃ dhāḥ ||

English translation:

“As soon as you were born, Indra, you were an enemy to those seven who had no enemy; yourecovered the heavens and earth when concealed (in darkness); you cause joy to the mighty worlds.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Thoseseven who had no enemy: Kṛṣṇa, Vṛtra, Namūci, Śambara etc.; or, you were an enemy to those who had noenemy, on behalf of the seven sages (the Aṅgirasas). i.e., inorder to recover their cows

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): tiraścīradyutāno vā marutaḥ [tiraścīradyutāna vā maruta];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । ह॒ । त्यत् । स॒प्तऽभ्यः॑ । जाय॑मानः । अ॒श॒त्रुऽभ्यः॑ । अ॒भ॒वः॒ । शत्रुः॑ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । गू॒ळ्हे । द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी इति॑ । अनु॑ । अ॒वि॒न्दः॒ । वि॒भ्म॒त्ऽभ्यः॑ । भुव॑नेभ्यः । रण॑म् । धाः॒ ॥
त्वम् । ह । त्यत् । सप्तभ्यः । जायमानः । अशत्रुभ्यः । अभवः । शत्रुः । इन्द्र । गूळ्हे । द्यावापृथिवी इति । अनु । अविन्दः । विभ्मत्भ्यः । भुवनेभ्यः । रणम् । धाः ॥
tvam | ha | tyat | sapta-bhyaḥ | jāyamānaḥ | aśatru-bhyaḥ | abhavaḥ | śatruḥ | indra | gūḷhe | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | anu | avindaḥ | vibhmat-bhyaḥ | bhuvanebhyaḥ | raṇam | dhāḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.96.16 English analysis of grammar]

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

ha

[adverb]

“indeed; ha [word].”

tyat < tyad < tya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“that.”

saptabhyo < saptabhyaḥ < saptan

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“seven; seventh.”

jāyamāno < jāyamānaḥ < jan

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

'śatrubhyo < aśatrubhyaḥ < aśatru

[noun], dative, plural, masculine

“unopposed.”

abhavaḥ < bhū

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

śatrur < śatruḥ < śatru

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“enemy; foe; enemy; Asura.”

indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

gūᄆhe < gūḍhe < guh

[verb noun], accusative, dual

“hide; cover; conceal; shroud; obscure.”

dyāvāpṛthivī

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“heaven and earth; dyāvāpṛthivī [word].”

anv < anu

[adverb]

“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”

avindo < avindaḥ < vid

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“find; detect; marry; get; think.”

vibhumadbhyo < vibhumadbhyaḥ < vibhumat

[noun], dative, plural, neuter

bhuvanebhyo < bhuvanebhyaḥ < bhuvana

[noun], dative, plural, neuter

“Earth; being; world; bhuvana [word].”

raṇaṃ < raṇam < raṇa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“battle; fight; pleasure; joy; war; combat.”

dhāḥ < dhā

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

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