Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.90.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ नो॒ विश्वा॑सु॒ हव्य॒ इन्द्र॑: स॒मत्सु॑ भूषतु । उप॒ ब्रह्मा॑णि॒ सव॑नानि वृत्र॒हा प॑रम॒ज्या ऋची॑षमः ॥
आ नो विश्वासु हव्य इन्द्रः समत्सु भूषतु । उप ब्रह्माणि सवनानि वृत्रहा परमज्या ऋचीषमः ॥
ā no viśvāsu havya indraḥ samatsu bhūṣatu | upa brahmāṇi savanāni vṛtrahā paramajyā ṛcīṣamaḥ ||

English translation:

“May Indra, who is to be invoked in all battles regard our hykns and our libationsl he the slayer of Vṛtra,who crushes the mightiest (foes), who is worthy of his praise.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Who crushes the mightiest foes: paramajyāḥ = hewhose bowstring (jya) is most excellent (parama) (RV. 8.1.30);

Jyā = hiṃsā; overpowering

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nṛmedhapurumedhau;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdbṛhatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ । नः॒ । विश्वा॑सु । हव्यः॑ । इन्द्रः॑ । स॒मत्ऽसु॑ । भू॒ष॒तु॒ । उप॑ । ब्रह्मा॑णि । सव॑नानि । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । प॒र॒म॒ऽज्याः । ऋची॑षमः ॥
आ । नः । विश्वासु । हव्यः । इन्द्रः । समत्सु । भूषतु । उप । ब्रह्माणि । सवनानि । वृत्रहा । परमज्याः । ऋचीषमः ॥
ā | naḥ | viśvāsu | havyaḥ | indraḥ | samat-su | bhūṣatu | upa | brahmāṇi | savanāni | vṛtra-hā | parama-jyāḥ | ṛcīṣamaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.90.1 English analysis of grammar]

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

viśvāsu < viśva

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

havya < havyaḥ < hu

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“sacrifice; offer; pour; worship.”

indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

samatsu < samad

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“conflict; strife.”

bhūṣatu < bhūṣ

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“endeavor; attend; strive.”

upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

brahmāṇi < brahman

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

savanāni < savana

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”

vṛtrahā < vṛtrahan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

paramajyā < paramajyāḥ < paramajyā

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

ṛcīṣamaḥ < ṛcīṣama

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

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