Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.70.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अषा॑ळ्हमु॒ग्रं पृत॑नासु सास॒हिं यस्मि॑न्म॒हीरु॑रु॒ज्रय॑: । सं धे॒नवो॒ जाय॑माने अनोनवु॒र्द्याव॒: क्षामो॑ अनोनवुः ॥
अषाळ्हमुग्रं पृतनासु सासहिं यस्मिन्महीरुरुज्रयः । सं धेनवो जायमाने अनोनवुर्द्यावः क्षामो अनोनवुः ॥
aṣāḻham ugram pṛtanāsu sāsahiṃ yasmin mahīr urujrayaḥ | saṃ dhenavo jāyamāne anonavur dyāvaḥ kṣāmo anonavuḥ ||

English translation:

“(I laud) him who is not to be withstood, the mighty, the conqueror in hostile hosts; whom, when he wasborn, the strong rushing cows welcomed and the heavens and the earths praised.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Kṣāmaḥ = kṣamiḥ;

Rushingcows: Maruts, the sons of Pṛśni; or, mankind offering oblations of clarified butteṛ..; the earths: the worlds arethree-fold, trivṛto lokaḥ

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): puruhanmā;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अषा॑ळ्हम् । उ॒ग्रम् । पृत॑नासु । स॒स॒हिम् । यस्मि॑न् । म॒हीः । उ॒रु॒ऽज्रयः॑ । सम् । धे॒नवः॑ । जाय॑माने । अ॒नो॒न॒वुः॒ । द्यावः॑ । क्षामः॑ । अ॒नो॒न॒वुः॒ ॥
अषाळ्हम् । उग्रम् । पृतनासु । ससहिम् । यस्मिन् । महीः । उरुज्रयः । सम् । धेनवः । जायमाने । अनोनवुः । द्यावः । क्षामः । अनोनवुः ॥
aṣāḷham | ugram | pṛtanāsu | sasahim | yasmin | mahīḥ | uru-jrayaḥ | sam | dhenavaḥ | jāyamāne | anonavuḥ | dyāvaḥ | kṣāmaḥ | anonavuḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.70.4 English analysis of grammar]

aṣāᄆham < aṣāḍham < aṣāḍha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“invincible.”

ugram < ugra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“powerful; awful; dangerous; intense; mighty; potent; colicky; atrocious.”

pṛtanāsu < pṛtanā

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”

sāsahiṃ < sāsahim < sāsahi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“victorious.”

yasmin < yad

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

mahīr < mahīḥ < mahī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Earth; floor; Earth; land; real property; heaven and earth; space; Mahī; soil; earth; estate; area.”

urujrayaḥ < urujri

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

saṃ < sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

dhenavo < dhenavaḥ < dhenu

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“cow; dhenu [word]; milk.”

jāyamāne < jan

[verb noun], locative, singular

“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”

anonavur < anonavuḥ < nonāv < √nū

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“bellow.”

dyāvaḥ < div

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”

kṣāmo < kṣāmaḥ < kṣam

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Earth; heaven and earth.”

anonavuḥ < nonāv < √nū

[verb], plural, Imperfect

“bellow.”

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