Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.70.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यो राजा॑ चर्षणी॒नां याता॒ रथे॑भि॒रध्रि॑गुः । विश्वा॑सां तरु॒ता पृत॑नानां॒ ज्येष्ठो॒ यो वृ॑त्र॒हा गृ॒णे ॥
यो राजा चर्षणीनां याता रथेभिरध्रिगुः । विश्वासां तरुता पृतनानां ज्येष्ठो यो वृत्रहा गृणे ॥
yo rājā carṣaṇīnāṃ yātā rathebhir adhriguḥ | viśvāsāṃ tarutā pṛtanānāṃ jyeṣṭho yo vṛtrahā gṛṇe ||

English translation:

“I praise that Indra who is the lord of men, who proceeds irresistible in his chariots, the breaker-throughof all armies, the pre-eminent one, the slayer of Vṛtra.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Tarutā = tārakaḥ, deliverer; (RV 8.1.21): conqueror

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): puruhanmā;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): pādnicṛdbṛhatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यः । राजा॑ । च॒र्षणी॒नाम् । याता॑ । रथे॑भिः । अध्रि॑ऽगुः । विश्वा॑साम् । त॒रु॒ता । पृत॑नानाम् । ज्येष्ठः॑ । यः । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । गृ॒णे ॥
यः । राजा । चर्षणीनाम् । याता । रथेभिः । अध्रिगुः । विश्वासाम् । तरुता । पृतनानाम् । ज्येष्ठः । यः । वृत्रहा । गृणे ॥
yaḥ | rājā | carṣaṇīnām | yātā | rathebhiḥ | adhri-guḥ | viśvāsām | tarutā | pṛtanānām | jyeṣṭhaḥ | yaḥ | vṛtra-hā | gṛṇe

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.70.1 English analysis of grammar]

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

rājā < rājan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

carṣaṇīnāṃ < carṣaṇīnām < carṣaṇi

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“people.”

yātā < yātṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

rathebhir < rathebhiḥ < ratha

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

adhriguḥ < adhrigu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“rich; powerful.”

viśvāsāṃ < viśvāsām < viśva

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

tarutā < tarutṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“tarutṛ [word].”

pṛtanānāṃ < pṛtanānām < pṛtanā

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“army; battle; pṛtanā [word]; pṛtanā.”

jyeṣṭho < jyeṣṭhaḥ < jyeṣṭha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“firstborn; best; first; excellent; highest; jyeṣṭha [word].”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

vṛtrahā < vṛtra

[noun], masculine

“Vṛtra; vṛtra [word].”

vṛtrahā < < han

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

gṛṇe < gṛ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“praise.”

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