Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.48.15

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वं न॑: सोम वि॒श्वतो॑ वयो॒धास्त्वं स्व॒र्विदा वि॑शा नृ॒चक्षा॑: । त्वं न॑ इन्द ऊ॒तिभि॑: स॒जोषा॑: पा॒हि प॒श्चाता॑दु॒त वा॑ पु॒रस्ता॑त् ॥
त्वं नः सोम विश्वतो वयोधास्त्वं स्वर्विदा विशा नृचक्षाः । त्वं न इन्द ऊतिभिः सजोषाः पाहि पश्चातादुत वा पुरस्तात् ॥
tvaṃ naḥ soma viśvato vayodhās tvaṃ svarvid ā viśā nṛcakṣāḥ | tvaṃ na inda ūtibhiḥ sajoṣāḥ pāhi paścātād uta vā purastāt ||

English translation:

“You, Soma, give us food from every side; you are the bestower of heaven; enter us, beholder of men; OSoma, rejoicing with your protecting powers, guard us from behind and before.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

With your protecting powers:ūtyaḥ = Maruts, gantāraḥ, ava gatau

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): pragāthaḥ kāṇvaḥ [pragātha kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): somaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वम् । नः॒ । सो॒म॒ । वि॒श्वतः॑ । व॒यः॒ऽधाः । त्वम् । स्वः॒ऽवित् । आ । वि॒श॒ । नृ॒ऽचक्षाः॑ । त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्दो॒ इति॑ । ऊ॒तिऽभिः॑ । स॒ऽजोषाः॑ । पा॒हि । प॒श्चाता॑त् । उ॒त । वा॒ । पु॒रस्ता॑त् ॥
त्वम् । नः । सोम । विश्वतः । वयःधाः । त्वम् । स्वःवित् । आ । विश । नृचक्षाः । त्वम् । नः । इन्दो इति । ऊतिभिः । सजोषाः । पाहि । पश्चातात् । उत । वा । पुरस्तात् ॥
tvam | naḥ | soma | viśvataḥ | vayaḥ-dhāḥ | tvam | svaḥ-vit | ā | viśa | nṛ-cakṣāḥ | tvam | naḥ | indo iti | ūti-bhiḥ | sa-joṣāḥ | pāhi | paścātāt | uta | vā | purastāt

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.48.15 English analysis of grammar]

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

soma

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

viśvato < viśvatas

[adverb]

“everywhere; around; about.”

vayodhās < vayaḥ < vayas

[noun], neuter

“age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

vayodhās < dhāḥ < dhā

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“giving.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

svarvid < svar

[noun], neuter

“sun; sky; sunlight.”

svarvid < vid

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“finding.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

viśā < viśa < viś

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“enter; penetrate; settle; settle.”

nṛcakṣāḥ < nṛ

[noun], masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

nṛcakṣāḥ < cakṣāḥ < cakṣas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“eye; look; radiance.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

na < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

inda < indo < indu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“moon; Soma; drop; anusvāra; one; Candra; silver; camphor; point; juice.”

ūtibhiḥ < ūti

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“aid; favor; ūti [word].”

sajoṣāḥ < sajoṣas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“consentaneous; combined; associated; united.”

pāhi <

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“protect; govern.”

paścātād < paścātāt

[adverb]

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

[adverb]

“or; optionally; either.”

purastāt

[adverb]

“ahead; eastward; earlier; above; above.”

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