Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 8.48.3
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अपा॑म॒ सोम॑म॒मृता॑ अभू॒माग॑न्म॒ ज्योति॒रवि॑दाम दे॒वान् । किं नू॒नम॒स्मान्कृ॑णव॒दरा॑ति॒: किमु॑ धू॒र्तिर॑मृत॒ मर्त्य॑स्य ॥
अपाम सोमममृता अभूमागन्म ज्योतिरविदाम देवान् । किं नूनमस्मान्कृणवदरातिः किमु धूर्तिरमृत मर्त्यस्य ॥
apāma somam amṛtā abhūmāganma jyotir avidāma devān | kiṃ nūnam asmān kṛṇavad arātiḥ kim u dhūrtir amṛta martyasya ||
English translation:
“We drink the Soma, may we become immortal; we have attained the light of (heaven), we have knownthe gods; what now could the enemy do to us, or what, O immortal, should the aggriever do to the mortal?”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Taittirīya Saṃhitā 3.2.5: the past tense is used in the sense of wish, aśaṃsadyotanāya bhūtārthanirdeśaḥ
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): pragāthaḥ kāṇvaḥ [pragātha kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): somaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अपा॑म । सोम॑म् । अ॒मृताः॑ । अ॒भू॒म॒ । अग॑न्म । ज्योतिः॑ । अवि॑दाम । दे॒वान् । किम् । नू॒नम् । अ॒स्मान् । कृ॒ण॒व॒त् । अरा॑ति । किम् । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । धू॒र्तिः । अ॒मृ॒त॒ । मर्त्य॑स्य ॥
अपाम । सोमम् । अमृताः । अभूम । अगन्म । ज्योतिः । अविदाम । देवान् । किम् । नूनम् । अस्मान् । कृणवत् । अराति । किम् । ऊँ इति । धूर्तिः । अमृत । मर्त्यस्य ॥
apāma | somam | amṛtāḥ | abhūma | aganma | jyotiḥ | avidāma | devān | kim | nūnam | asmān | kṛṇavat | arāti | kim | oṃ iti | dhūrtiḥ | amṛta | martyasya
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 8.48.3 English analysis of grammar]
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“drink; gulp; soak; drink; suck; inhale.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”
[verb], plural, Thematic aorist (Ind.)
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“now; surely; immediately; just.”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“hostility; adversity; foe; envy; stinginess.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“fraud; damage.”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”