Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.45.37

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

को नु म॑र्या॒ अमि॑थित॒: सखा॒ सखा॑यमब्रवीत् । ज॒हा को अ॒स्मदी॑षते ॥
को नु मर्या अमिथितः सखा सखायमब्रवीत् । जहा को अस्मदीषते ॥
ko nu maryā amithitaḥ sakhā sakhāyam abravīt | jahā ko asmad īṣate ||

English translation:

“"Who, O mortals", said (Indra), "unprovoked, has ever, as a friend, slain his friend? Who fleeth fromme?"”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

An anser to ṛcas 34 and 35

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): triśokaḥ kāṇvaḥ [triśoka kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

कः । नु । म॒र्याः॒ । अमि॑थितः । सखा॑ । सखा॑यम् । अ॒ब्र॒वी॒त् । ज॒हा । कः । अ॒स्मत् । ई॒ष॒ते॒ ॥
कः । नु । मर्याः । अमिथितः । सखा । सखायम् । अब्रवीत् । जहा । कः । अस्मत् । ईषते ॥
kaḥ | nu | maryāḥ | amithitaḥ | sakhā | sakhāyam | abravīt | jahā | kaḥ | asmat | īṣate

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.45.37 English analysis of grammar]

ko < kaḥ < ka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

nu

[adverb]

“now; already.”

maryā < maryāḥ < marya

[noun], vocative, plural, masculine

“young buck; boyfriend.”

amithitaḥ < amithita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

sakhā < sakhi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

sakhāyam < sakhi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

abravīt < brū

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“say; tell; describe; speak; state; answer; call; explain; address; proclaim; talk; talk; choose.”

jahā < _ < √_

[?]

“_”

ko < kaḥ < ka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“what; who; ka [pronoun].”

asmad < asmat < mad

[noun], ablative, plural

“I; mine.”

īṣate < īṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

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