Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.45.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रति॑ त्वा शव॒सी व॑दद्गि॒रावप्सो॒ न यो॑धिषत् । यस्ते॑ शत्रु॒त्वमा॑च॒के ॥
प्रति त्वा शवसी वदद्गिरावप्सो न योधिषत् । यस्ते शत्रुत्वमाचके ॥
prati tvā śavasī vadad girāv apso na yodhiṣat | yas te śatrutvam ācake ||

English translation:

“Your strong mother answered you, "he who wishes your enmity fights as the elephant in the mountain".”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Elephant: apsaḥ = person nal charms, teeth (RV 1.124.7), beauty (RV 5.80.6; here, a beautiful elephant; or, is itthe cloud which covers the earth and the mountains (i.e. vṛtra)?

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): triśokaḥ kāṇvaḥ [triśoka kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): gāyatrī;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रति॑ । त्वा॒ । श॒व॒सी । व॒द॒त् । घि॒रौ । अप्सः॑ । न । यो॒धि॒ष॒त् । यः । ते॒ । श॒त्रु॒ऽत्वम् । आ॒ऽच॒के ॥
प्रति । त्वा । शवसी । वदत् । घिरौ । अप्सः । न । योधिषत् । यः । ते । शत्रुत्वम् । आचके ॥
prati | tvā | śavasī | vadat | ghirau | apsaḥ | na | yodhiṣat | yaḥ | te | śatru-tvam | ācake

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.45.5 English analysis of grammar]

prati

[adverb]

“towards; per; regarding; respectively; according to; until.”

tvā < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

śavasī

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

vadad < vadat < vad

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”

girāv < girau < giri

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“mountain; adri; rock; giri [word]; hill; śilājatu.”

apso < apsaḥ < apsas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

yodhiṣat < yudh

[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.

“fight; overcome.”

yas < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

te < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

śatrutvam < śatru

[noun], masculine

“enemy; foe; enemy; Asura.”

śatrutvam < tvam < tva

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“state; quality; cause; reason.”

ācake < ākan < √kan

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

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