Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 8.41.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यः क॒कुभो॑ निधार॒यः पृ॑थि॒व्यामधि॑ दर्श॒तः । स माता॑ पू॒र्व्यं प॒दं तद्वरु॑णस्य॒ सप्त्यं॒ स हि गो॒पा इ॒वेर्यो॒ नभ॑न्तामन्य॒के स॑मे ॥
यः ककुभो निधारयः पृथिव्यामधि दर्शतः । स माता पूर्व्यं पदं तद्वरुणस्य सप्त्यं स हि गोपा इवेर्यो नभन्तामन्यके समे ॥
yaḥ kakubho nidhārayaḥ pṛthivyām adhi darśataḥ | sa mātā pūrvyam padaṃ tad varuṇasya saptyaṃ sa hi gopā iveryo nabhantām anyake same ||
English translation:
“He, who visible above the earth sustains the points of the horizon, is the measurer (of the universe);that is the ancient abode of Varuṇa, to which we have access; he is our lord, like the keeper of cattle; may all ouradversaries perish.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Measurer: mātā = nirmātā, the maker
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nābhākaḥ kāṇvaḥ [nābhāka kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): varuṇaḥ;
Chandas (meter): bhuriktriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यः । क॒कुभः॑ । नि॒ऽधा॒र॒यः । पृ॒थि॒व्याम् । अधि॑ । द॒र्श॒तः । सः । माता॑ । पू॒र्व्यम् । प॒दम् । तत् । वरु॑णस्य । सप्त्य॑म् । सः । हि । गो॒पाःऽइ॑व । इर्यः॑ । नभ॑न्ताम् । अ॒न्य॒के । स॒मे॒ ॥
यः । ककुभः । निधारयः । पृथिव्याम् । अधि । दर्शतः । सः । माता । पूर्व्यम् । पदम् । तत् । वरुणस्य । सप्त्यम् । सः । हि । गोपाःइव । इर्यः । नभन्ताम् । अन्यके । समे ॥
yaḥ | kakubhaḥ | ni-dhārayaḥ | pṛthivyām | adhi | darśataḥ | saḥ | mātā | pūrvyam | padam | tat | varuṇasya | saptyam | saḥ | hi | gopāḥ-iva | iryaḥ | nabhantām | anyake | same
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 8.41.4 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“Kakubh; peak; bulge.”
[verb], singular, Present injunctive
“put.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“Earth; pṛthivī; floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī [word]; land.”
[adverb]
“on; from; accordingly.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“beautiful; visible; beautiful.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Mātṛ.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“first; precedent; age-old; excellent; former(a).”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“herder; defender.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“argus-eyed; active; heedful.”
[verb], plural, Present imperative
“burst.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“other; another(a).”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“like; like; alike(p); level; symmetrical; balanced; average; same; regular; impartial; imperturbable; even; sama [word]; every(a); accurate; identical; fair; equal; synonymous; changeless; whole; exact; calm; straight; even; wide.”