Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 8.40.12
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒वेन्द्रा॒ग्निभ्यां॑ पितृ॒वन्नवी॑यो मन्धातृ॒वद॑ङ्गिर॒स्वद॑वाचि । त्रि॒धातु॑ना॒ शर्म॑णा पातम॒स्मान्व॒यं स्या॑म॒ पत॑यो रयी॒णाम् ॥
एवेन्द्राग्निभ्यां पितृवन्नवीयो मन्धातृवदङ्गिरस्वदवाचि । त्रिधातुना शर्मणा पातमस्मान्वयं स्याम पतयो रयीणाम् ॥
evendrāgnibhyām pitṛvan navīyo mandhātṛvad aṅgirasvad avāci | tridhātunā śarmaṇā pātam asmān vayaṃ syāma patayo rayīṇām ||
English translation:
“Thus has a new hymn been addressed to Indra and Agni, as was done by my father, by Mandhātā,by Aṅgirasa; cherish us with a triply defended dwelling; may we be the lords of riches.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Triply defended dwelling:tridhātunā śarmaṇā = triparvaṇā gṛheṇa, with a house of three joints; in RV. 1.34.6, tridhātu śarma =vātapitta śleṣma dhātutrayaśamana viṣayam sukham; in RVV 1.85.12 śarma tridhātūni = pṛthivyādiṣutriṣu sthāneṣu avasthitāni sukhāni gṛhāni vā;
Note: it is possible that the term may simply mean, threeelements, copper, silver, gold
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): nābhākaḥ kāṇvaḥ [nābhāka kāṇva];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāgnī ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ए॒व । इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्निऽभ्या॑म् । पि॒तृ॒ऽवत् नवी॑यः । म॒न्धा॒तृ॒ऽवत् । अ॒ङ्गि॒र॒स्वत् । अ॒वा॒चि॒ । त्रि॒ऽधातु॑ना । शर्म॑णा । पा॒त॒म् । अ॒स्मान् । व॒यम् । स्या॒म॒ । पत॑यः । र॒यी॒णाम् ॥
एव । इन्द्राग्निभ्याम् । पितृवत् नवीयः । मन्धातृवत् । अङ्गिरस्वत् । अवाचि । त्रिधातुना । शर्मणा । पातम् । अस्मान् । वयम् । स्याम । पतयः । रयीणाम् ॥
eva | indrāgni-bhyām | pitṛ-vat navīyaḥ | mandhātṛ-vat | aṅgirasvat | avāci | tri-dhātunā | śarmaṇā | pātam | asmān | vayam | syāma | patayaḥ | rayīṇām
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 8.40.12 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“indeed; merely; thus; even; surely; same; eva [word]; successively; immediately; in truth.”
[noun], masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], dative, dual, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], masculine
“father; Pitṛ; ancestor; parent; paternal ancestor; pitṛ [word]; forefather.”
[adverb]
“equally; like.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“new; fresh; up-to-the-minute.”
[noun], masculine
[adverb]
“equally; like.”
[adverb]
[verb], singular, Aorist passive
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”
[noun]
“three; tri/tisṛ [word].”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“mineral; dhātu; saptadhātu; Sanskrit verbal root; etymon; aṣṭaloha; mahābhūta; gairika; component; navadhātu; svarṇamākṣika; doṣa; inorganic compound.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter
“protection; protective covering; refuge; joy.”
[verb], dual, Present imperative
“protect; govern.”
[noun], accusative, plural
“I; mine.”
[noun], nominative, plural
“I; mine.”
[verb], plural, Present optative
“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“husband; overlord; king; deity; īśvara; ruler; pati [word]; commanding officer; leader; owner; mayor; lord.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“wealth; property.”