Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.20.20

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सा॒हा ये सन्ति॑ मुष्टि॒हेव॒ हव्यो॒ विश्वा॑सु पृ॒त्सु होतृ॑षु । वृष्ण॑श्च॒न्द्रान्न सु॒श्रव॑स्तमान्गि॒रा वन्द॑स्व म॒रुतो॒ अह॑ ॥
साहा ये सन्ति मुष्टिहेव हव्यो विश्वासु पृत्सु होतृषु । वृष्णश्चन्द्रान्न सुश्रवस्तमान्गिरा वन्दस्व मरुतो अह ॥
sāhā ye santi muṣṭiheva havyo viśvāsu pṛtsu hotṛṣu | vṛṣṇaś candrān na suśravastamān girā vandasva maruto aha ||

English translation:

“Propitiate wiḥ praise he Maruts, the senders of rain, the givers of plural asure, the liberal bestowers offood; who are ever victorious in combats, and like a boxer who has been challenged over his challengerṣ”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Bestowers of food: or, the most illustrious, suśravastamā, "who are ever victorious in combats and everchallengers, like a challenge-worthy boxer"

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): sobhariḥ kāṇvaḥ [sobhari kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): marūtaḥ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛtpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स॒हाः । ये । सन्ति॑ । मु॒ष्टि॒हाऽइ॑व । हव्यः॑ । विश्वा॑सु । पृ॒त्ऽसु । होतृ॑षु । वृष्णः॑ । च॒न्द्रान् । न । सु॒श्रवः॑ऽतमान् । गि॒रा । वन्द॑स्व । म॒रुतः॑ । अह॑ ॥
सहाः । ये । सन्ति । मुष्टिहाइव । हव्यः । विश्वासु । पृत्सु । होतृषु । वृष्णः । चन्द्रान् । न । सुश्रवःतमान् । गिरा । वन्दस्व । मरुतः । अह ॥
sahāḥ | ye | santi | muṣṭihāiva | havyaḥ | viśvāsu | pṛt-su | hotṛṣu | vṛṣṇaḥ | candrān | na | suśravaḥ-tamān | girā | vandasva | marutaḥ | aha

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.20.20 English analysis of grammar]

sāhā < sāhāḥ < sāha

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

ye < yad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

santi < as

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

muṣṭiheva < muṣṭi

[noun], masculine

“fist; handful; pestle; muṣṭi [word]; pala.”

muṣṭiheva < < han

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“killing; curative; destroying; removing; māraka; stabbing.”

muṣṭiheva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

havyo < havyaḥ < hvā

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“raise; call on; call; summon.”

viśvāsu < viśva

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

pṛtsu < pṛt

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“battle.”

hotṛṣu < hotṛ

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

vṛṣṇaś < vṛṣṇaḥ < vṛṣan

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“bull; Indra; stallion; Vṛṣan; man.”

candrān < candrāt < candra

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“aglitter(p); shining.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

suśravastamān < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

suśravastamān < śravastamān < śravastama

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

girā < gir

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“hymn; praise; voice; words; invocation; command; statement; cry; language.”

vandasva < vand

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“worship; laud.”

maruto < marutaḥ < marut

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

aha

[adverb]

“aha [word]; indeed.”

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