Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.19.31

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

तव॑ द्र॒प्सो नील॑वान्वा॒श ऋ॒त्विय॒ इन्धा॑नः सिष्ण॒वा द॑दे । त्वं म॑ही॒नामु॒षसा॑मसि प्रि॒यः क्ष॒पो वस्तु॑षु राजसि ॥
तव द्रप्सो नीलवान्वाश ऋत्विय इन्धानः सिष्णवा ददे । त्वं महीनामुषसामसि प्रियः क्षपो वस्तुषु राजसि ॥
tava drapso nīlavān vāśa ṛtviya indhānaḥ siṣṇav ā dade | tvam mahīnām uṣasām asi priyaḥ kṣapo vastuṣu rājasi ||

English translation:

“Sprinkled, (Agni, with the libation), the dripping (Soma), car-borne, agreeable, offered in due season,resplendent, have been presented to you; you are the beloved of the mighty dawns; you reign over the things ofnight.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Rājasi = you shine amid; or, you illuminate

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): sobhariḥ kāṇvaḥ [sobhari kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛtpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

तव॑ । द्र॒प्सः । नील॑ऽवान् । वा॒शः । ऋ॒त्वियः॑ । इन्धा॑नः । सि॒ष्णो॒ इति॑ । आ । द॒दे॒ । त्वम् । म॒ही॒नाम् । उ॒षसा॑म् । अ॒सि॒ । प्रि॒यः । क्ष॒पः । वस्तु॑षु । रा॒ज॒सि॒ ॥
तव । द्रप्सः । नीलवान् । वाशः । ऋत्वियः । इन्धानः । सिष्णो इति । आ । ददे । त्वम् । महीनाम् । उषसाम् । असि । प्रियः । क्षपः । वस्तुषु । राजसि ॥
tava | drapsaḥ | nīla-vān | vāśaḥ | ṛtviyaḥ | indhānaḥ | siṣṇo iti | ā | dade | tvam | mahīnām | uṣasām | asi | priyaḥ | kṣapaḥ | vastuṣu | rājasi

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.19.31 English analysis of grammar]

tava < tvad

[noun], genitive, singular

“you.”

drapso < drapsaḥ < drapsa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“drop; banner.”

nīlavān < nīlavat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

vāśa < vāśaḥ < vāśa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

ṛtviya < ṛtviyaḥ < ṛtviya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“regular; punctual; timely.”

indhānaḥ < indh

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”

siṣṇav < siṣṇo < siṣṇu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

dade <

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“give; add; perform; put; administer; fill into; give; ignite; put on; offer; use; fuel; pour; grant; feed; teach; construct; insert; drip; wrap; pay; hand over; lend; inflict; concentrate; sacrifice; splint; poultice; create.”

tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

mahīnām < mahi

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“great; firm.”

uṣasām < uṣas

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”

asi < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

priyaḥ < priya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“beloved; pleasant; dear; fond(p); wanted; priya [word]; favorite; good; liked; suitable; proper.”

kṣapo < kṣapaḥ < kṣap

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“night.”

vastuṣu < vastu

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“dawn.”

rājasi < rāj

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“govern; shine; glitter; direct.”

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