Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.12.7

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

व॒व॒क्षुर॑स्य के॒तवो॑ उ॒त वज्रो॒ गभ॑स्त्योः । यत्सूर्यो॒ न रोद॑सी॒ अव॑र्धयत् ॥
ववक्षुरस्य केतवो उत वज्रो गभस्त्योः । यत्सूर्यो न रोदसी अवर्धयत् ॥
vavakṣur asya ketavo uta vajro gabhastyoḥ | yat sūryo na rodasī avardhayat ||

English translation:

“The banners of Indra, the thunderbolt (he bears) in his hands, have brought (us benefits), when, likethe sun, he has expanded heaven and earth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

He has extended heaven and earth: i.e. when he has refreshedthem both with rain

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): parvataḥ kāṇvaḥ [parvata kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): virāḍārṣyuṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

व॒व॒क्षुः । अ॒स्य॒ । के॒तवः॑ । उ॒त । वज्रः॑ । गभ॑स्त्योः । यत् । सूर्यः॑ । न । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । अव॑र्धयत् ॥
ववक्षुः । अस्य । केतवः । उत । वज्रः । गभस्त्योः । यत् । सूर्यः । न । रोदसी इति । अवर्धयत् ॥
vavakṣuḥ | asya | ketavaḥ | uta | vajraḥ | gabhastyoḥ | yat | sūryaḥ | na | rodasī iti | avardhayat

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.12.7 English analysis of grammar]

vavakṣur < vavakṣuḥ < vakṣ

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“grow; grow.”

asya < idam

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ketavo < ketavaḥ < ketu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

vajro < vajraḥ < vajra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“vajra; Vajra; vajra; vajra; lightning; abhra; vajramūṣā; diamond; vajra [word]; vajrakapāṭa; vajra; vaikrānta.”

gabhastyoḥ < gabhasti

[noun], locative, dual, masculine

“beam; hand; sun.”

yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

sūryo < sūryaḥ < sūrya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

rodasī

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“heaven and earth; Earth.”

avardhayat < vardhay < √vṛdh

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“increase; strengthen; promote; rear; add; greet; laud.”

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