Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.4.13

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

र॒थे॒ष्ठाया॑ध्वर्यव॒: सोम॒मिन्द्रा॑य सोतन । अधि॑ ब्र॒ध्नस्याद्र॑यो॒ वि च॑क्षते सु॒न्वन्तो॑ दा॒श्व॑ध्वरम् ॥
रथेष्ठायाध्वर्यवः सोममिन्द्राय सोतन । अधि ब्रध्नस्याद्रयो वि चक्षते सुन्वन्तो दाश्वध्वरम् ॥
ratheṣṭhāyādhvaryavaḥ somam indrāya sotana | adhi bradhnasyādrayo vi cakṣate sunvanto dāśvadhvaram ||

English translation:

“Pour our, priests, the Soma libation to Indra in his chariot; the stones, plural ced upon their bases, arebeheld effusing the Soma for the sacrifice of the offerer.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Plural ced upon their bases: adhi bradhnasya adrayahmūlasya upari, upon the root or base; this is said to be the broad stone slab upon a skin, and called upara;

Dāśādhvaram: dāśā = donor;

Adhvaram = sacrifice

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): devātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ [devātithi kāṇva];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhuriganuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

र॒थे॒ष्ठाय॑ । अ॒ध्व॒र्य॒वः॒ । सोम॑म् । इन्द्रा॑य । सो॒त॒न॒ । अधि॑ । ब्र॒ध्नस्य॑ । अद्र॑यः । वि । च॒क्ष॒ते॒ । सु॒न्वन्तः॑ । दा॒शुऽअ॑ध्वरम् ॥
रथेष्ठाय । अध्वर्यवः । सोमम् । इन्द्राय । सोतन । अधि । ब्रध्नस्य । अद्रयः । वि । चक्षते । सुन्वन्तः । दाशुअध्वरम् ॥
ratheṣṭhāya | adhvaryavaḥ | somam | indrāya | sotana | adhi | bradhnasya | adrayaḥ | vi | cakṣate | sunvantaḥ | dāśu-adhvaram

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.4.13 English analysis of grammar]

ratheṣṭhāyādhvaryavaḥ < ratheṣṭhāya < ratheṣṭha

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

ratheṣṭhāyādhvaryavaḥ < adhvaryavaḥ < adhvaryu

[noun], vocative, plural, masculine

“Adhvaryu; adhvaryu [word]; Yajur-Veda.”

somam < soma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

indrāya < indra

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

sotana < su

[verb], plural, Aorist imperative

“press out; su.”

adhi

[adverb]

“on; from; accordingly.”

bradhnasyādrayo < bradhnasya < bradhna

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

bradhnasyādrayo < adrayaḥ < adri

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“mountain; rock; seven; stone; adri; grindstone; adri; rock.”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

cakṣate < cakṣ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“watch; look.”

sunvanto < sunvantaḥ < su

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“press out; su.”

dāśvadhvaram < dāśu

[noun]

dāśvadhvaram < adhvaram < adhvara

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”

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