Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 8.2.35

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रभ॑र्ता॒ रथं॑ ग॒व्यन्त॑मपा॒काच्चि॒द्यमव॑ति । इ॒नो वसु॒ स हि वोळ्हा॑ ॥
प्रभर्ता रथं गव्यन्तमपाकाच्चिद्यमवति । इनो वसु स हि वोळ्हा ॥
prabhartā rathaṃ gavyantam apākāc cid yam avati | ino vasu sa hi voḻhā ||

English translation:

“He, whom, adoring, and desirous of cattle, the protector (Indra) defends against an ignorant (foe),becomes a prince, the possessor of wealth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Desirous of cattle: ratham gavyantam: ratham = raṃhaṇam, fromvahi, to go; the epithet is not a car, because he is the lord, the bearer of riches, ino vasu sa hi voḷahā-- inahīśvaraḥ

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): medhātithiḥ kāṇvaḥ priyamedhaścāṅgirasaḥ [medhātithi kāṇva priyamedhaścāṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): ārṣīgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्रऽभ॑र्ता । रथ॑म् । ग॒व्यन्त॑म् । अ॒पा॒कात् । चि॒त् । यम् । अव॑ति । इ॒नः । वसु॑ । सः । हि । वोळ्हा॑ ॥
प्रभर्ता । रथम् । गव्यन्तम् । अपाकात् । चित् । यम् । अवति । इनः । वसु । सः । हि । वोळ्हा ॥
pra-bhartā | ratham | gavyantam | apākāt | cit | yam | avati | inaḥ | vasu | saḥ | hi | voḷhā

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 8.2.35 English analysis of grammar]

prabhartā < prabhṛ < √bhṛ

[verb], singular, periphrast. future

rathaṃ < ratham < ratha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

gavyantam < gavyat

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

apākāc < apākāt < apāka

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“distant; far.”

cid < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

yam < yad

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

avati < av

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

ino < inaḥ < ina

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“mighty; powerful.”

vasu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“wealth; property; gold; vasu [word]; ruby; treasure; jewel.”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

voᄆhā < voḍhā < vah

[verb], singular, periphrast. future

“transport; bring; marry; run; drive; vāhay; drive; run; pull; nirvāpay; blow; transport; discharge; assume; remove.”

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