Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 7.93.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उपो॑ ह॒ यद्वि॒दथं॑ वा॒जिनो॒ गुर्धी॒भिर्विप्रा॒: प्रम॑तिमि॒च्छमा॑नाः । अर्व॑न्तो॒ न काष्ठां॒ नक्ष॑माणा इन्द्रा॒ग्नी जोहु॑वतो॒ नर॒स्ते ॥
उपो ह यद्विदथं वाजिनो गुर्धीभिर्विप्राः प्रमतिमिच्छमानाः । अर्वन्तो न काष्ठां नक्षमाणा इन्द्राग्नी जोहुवतो नरस्ते ॥
upo ha yad vidathaṃ vājino gur dhībhir viprāḥ pramatim icchamānāḥ | arvanto na kāṣṭhāṃ nakṣamāṇā indrāgnī johuvato naras te ||

English translation:

“Those sage offerers of oblations, who, desiring your favour, celebrate the sacrifice with holy rites,hasten to worship you, like horse to battle, repeatedly invoking Indra and Agni.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāgnī ;
Chandas (meter): virāṭtrisṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उपो॒ इति॑ । ह॒ । यत् । वि॒दथ॑म् । वा॒जिनः॑ । गुः । धी॒भिः । विप्राः॑ । प्रऽम॑तिम् । इ॒च्छमा॑नाः । अर्व॑न्तः । न । काष्ठा॑म् । नक्ष॑माणाः । इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्नी इति॑ । जोहु॑वतः । नरः॑ । ते ॥
उपो इति । ह । यत् । विदथम् । वाजिनः । गुः । धीभिः । विप्राः । प्रमतिम् । इच्छमानाः । अर्वन्तः । न । काष्ठाम् । नक्षमाणाः । इन्द्राग्नी इति । जोहुवतः । नरः । ते ॥
upo iti | ha | yat | vidatham | vājinaḥ | guḥ | dhībhiḥ | viprāḥ | pra-matim | icchamānāḥ | arvantaḥ | na | kāṣṭhām | nakṣamāṇāḥ | indrāgnī iti | johuvataḥ | naraḥ | te

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 7.93.3 English analysis of grammar]

upo < upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

upo < u

[adverb]

“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”

ha

[adverb]

“indeed; ha [word].”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

vidathaṃ < vidatham < vidatha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“meeting; wisdom; council.”

vājino < vājinaḥ < vājin

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“horse; bird; seven; hero; achiever; aphrodisiac.”

gur < guḥ <

[verb], plural, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“go; enter (a state); arrive.”

dhībhir < dhībhiḥ < dhī

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“intelligence; prayer; mind; insight; idea; hymn; purpose; art; knowledge.”

viprāḥ < vipra

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“eloquent; stimulated; divine.”

pramatim < pramati

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“care; solicitude; caution; providence.”

icchamānāḥ < iṣ

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“desire; recommend; approve; seek; call; search; try; prefer; love; commend; assent; permit; choose.”

arvanto < arvantaḥ < arvant

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“horse.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

kāṣṭhāṃ < kāṣṭhām < kāṣṭhā

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“kāṣṭhā; quarter; body of water.”

nakṣamāṇā < nakṣamāṇāḥ < nakṣ

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“reach; approach.”

indrāgnī < indra

[noun], masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indrāgnī < agnī < agni

[noun], accusative, dual, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

johuvato < johuvataḥ < johav < √hvā

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“appeal.”

naras < naraḥ < nara

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“man; man; Nara; person; people; Nara; Puruṣa; nara [word]; servant; hero.”

te < tad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

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