Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 7.86.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न स स्वो दक्षो॑ वरुण॒ ध्रुति॒: सा सुरा॑ म॒न्युर्वि॒भीद॑को॒ अचि॑त्तिः । अस्ति॒ ज्याया॒न्कनी॑यस उपा॒रे स्वप्न॑श्च॒नेदनृ॑तस्य प्रयो॒ता ॥
न स स्वो दक्षो वरुण ध्रुतिः सा सुरा मन्युर्विभीदको अचित्तिः । अस्ति ज्यायान्कनीयस उपारे स्वप्नश्चनेदनृतस्य प्रयोता ॥
na sa svo dakṣo varuṇa dhrutiḥ sā surā manyur vibhīdako acittiḥ | asti jyāyān kanīyasa upāre svapnaś caned anṛtasya prayotā ||

English translation:

“It is not our own choice, Varuṇa, not our condition, (that is the cause of our sinning); it is that which isintoxication, wrath, gambling, ignorance; there is a senior in the proximity of the junior; even a dream is aprovocation to sin.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Our condition: na sa svo dakṣo dhrutiḥ = the condition appointed by destiny at the time ofbirth is the cause of the committal of sin, not our own power or will, dhrutiḥ stirotpattisamaye nirmitā daivagatihpāpapravṛttau kāraṇam na svabhūtam balam;

Intoxication: surā = wine;

Gambling: vibhīdaka, dice, amaterial of gambling; there is a senior: asti jyāyān kanīyasa upāre = by the junior, means, man little andhelpless; by the senior, his superior, God, exercising near at hand the restraining faculty, samīpe niyantṛtvenasthito jyāyān adhika īśvaro sti; who impels man to wickedness, sa eva tam pāpe pravartayati: a text is cited:eṣā hyevāsādhu karma kārayati tam yam adho ninīṣate, him whom he wishes to lead downwards hecauses to do evil acts: Kau. U. 3.8; even a dream is a provocation to sin: anṛtasya prayotā, promoter of theuntrue; if so, how much more likely are we to commit sin when awake

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): varuṇaḥ;
Chandas (meter): ārṣītriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

न । सः । स्वः । दक्षः॑ । व॒रु॒ण॒ । ध्रुतिः॑ । सा । सुरा॑ । म॒न्युः । वि॒ऽभीद॑कः । अचि॑त्तिः । अस्ति॑ । ज्याया॑न् । कनी॑यसः । उ॒प॒ऽअ॒रे । स्वप्नः॑ । च॒न । इत् । अनृ॑तस्य । प्र॒ऽयो॒ता ॥
न । सः । स्वः । दक्षः । वरुण । ध्रुतिः । सा । सुरा । मन्युः । विभीदकः । अचित्तिः । अस्ति । ज्यायान् । कनीयसः । उपअरे । स्वप्नः । चन । इत् । अनृतस्य । प्रयोता ॥
na | saḥ | svaḥ | dakṣaḥ | varuṇa | dhrutiḥ | sā | surā | manyuḥ | vi-bhīdakaḥ | acittiḥ | asti | jyāyān | kanīyasaḥ | upa-are | svapnaḥ | cana | it | anṛtasya | pra-yotā

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 7.86.6 English analysis of grammar]

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

svo < svaḥ < sva

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“own(a); respective(a); akin(p); sva [word]; individual; present(a); independent.”

dakṣo < dakṣaḥ < dakṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Dakṣa; ability; cock; fitness; will; purpose; disposition; cock.”

varuṇa

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Varuna; varuṇa [word]; Crataeva religiosa Forst.; Varuṇa; varuṇādi.”

dhrutiḥ < dhruti

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

< tad

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

surā

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“alcohol; surā; surā; surā [word]; Devi; wine; tavern.”

manyur < manyuḥ < manyu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“anger; fury; rage; wrath.”

vibhīdako < vibhīdakaḥ < vibhīdaka

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“dice.”

acittiḥ < acitti

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“ignorance.”

asti < as

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

jyāyān < jyāyas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“better; elder; greater; bigger.”

kanīyasa < kanīyasaḥ < kanīyas

[noun], genitive, singular, masculine

“younger; less; smaller; kanīyas [word]; inferior; precedent.”

upāre < upāra

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

svapnaś < svapnaḥ < svapna

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“dream; sleep.”

caned < cana

[adverb]

“not even; cana [word].”

caned < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

anṛtasya < anṛta

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“falsehood; lying; lie; cheat.”

prayotā < prayotṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

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