Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 7.83.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यु॒वां न॑रा॒ पश्य॑मानास॒ आप्यं॑ प्रा॒चा ग॒व्यन्त॑: पृथु॒पर्श॑वो ययुः । दासा॑ च वृ॒त्रा ह॒तमार्या॑णि च सु॒दास॑मिन्द्रावरु॒णाव॑सावतम् ॥
युवां नरा पश्यमानास आप्यं प्राचा गव्यन्तः पृथुपर्शवो ययुः । दासा च वृत्रा हतमार्याणि च सुदासमिन्द्रावरुणावसावतम् ॥
yuvāṃ narā paśyamānāsa āpyam prācā gavyantaḥ pṛthuparśavo yayuḥ | dāsā ca vṛtrā hatam āryāṇi ca sudāsam indrāvaruṇāvasāvatam ||

English translation:

Indra and Varuṇa, leaders (of rites), contemplating your affinity, and desirous of cattle, the worshippers,armed with large sickles, have proceeded to the east (to cut the sacred grass); destroy, Indra and Varuṇa, yourenemies, whether Dāsās or Āryās and defend Sudāsa with yor protection.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Sickles: pṛthuparśavaḥ =vistīrṇa śvaparśu hasta, holding large rib-bones of horses;

Aśvaparśu = an implement for cutting the kuśagrass (aśvaparśvā barhiracchaiti: Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa 3.2.2.1), either the rib of a horse, or an instrumental umentlike it; it is frequently alluded to in the Brāhmaṇas and Sūtras; Taittirīya Saṃhitā 1.1.2: ghoṣad asi:Baudhāyana says that this is addressed to the Aśvaparśu; you are the implement, the priest having taken it inhis hand; aśvaparśu aśvaparśvasthi, the rib-bone of a horse, the edge of which is as sharp as a sword, and fitfor cutting; tac ca khaḍgavat tīkṣṇadbaratvat lavane samarthaḥ

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāvaruṇau ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यु॒वम् । न॒रा॒ । पश्य॑मानासः । आप्य॑म् । प्रा॒चा । गव्यन्तः॑ । पृ॒थु॒ऽपर्श॑वः । य॒युः॒ । दासा॑ । च॒ । वृ॒त्रा । ह॒तम् । आर्या॑णि । च॒ । सु॒ऽदास॑म् । इ॒न्द्रा॒व॒रु॒णा॒ । अव॑सा । अ॒व॒त॒म् ॥
युवम् । नरा । पश्यमानासः । आप्यम् । प्राचा । गव्यन्तः । पृथुपर्शवः । ययुः । दासा । च । वृत्रा । हतम् । आर्याणि । च । सुदासम् । इन्द्रावरुणा । अवसा । अवतम् ॥
yuvam | narā | paśyamānāsaḥ | āpyam | prācā | gavyantaḥ | pṛthu-parśavaḥ | yayuḥ | dāsā | ca | vṛtrā | hatam | āryāṇi | ca | su-dāsam | indrāvaruṇā | avasā | avatam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 7.83.1 English analysis of grammar]

yuvāṃ < yuvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, dual

“you.”

narā < nṛ

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

paśyamānāsa < paśyamānāsaḥ < paś

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“see; view; watch; meet; observe; think of; look; examine; behold; visit; understand.”

āpyam < āpya

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“friendship.”

prācā < prāñc

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“eastern; aforesaid(a); former(a); eastbound; easterly; anterior; forward; prāñc [word].”

gavyantaḥ < gavyat

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

pṛthuparśavo < pṛthu

[noun]

“broad; wide; great; flat; pṛthu [word]; far.”

pṛthuparśavo < parśavaḥ < parśu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“rib; parśu [word].”

yayuḥ <

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

dāsā < dāsa

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“dāsa(a).”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

vṛtrā < vṛtra

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“enemy.”

hatam < han

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“kill; cure; māray; remove; destroy; hit; injure; damage; destroy; paralyze; hurt; forge; beat; cut off; stop; overwhelm; kick; hunt; affect; strike; hammer; love; obstruct; shoot.”

āryāṇi < ārya

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“noble; noble; Indo-European; ārya [word]; honorable; noble.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

sudāsam < sudās

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Sudās.”

indrāvaruṇāvasāvatam < indrāvaruṇā < indrāvaruṇa

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Varuna; Indra.”

indrāvaruṇāvasāvatam < avasā < avas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“aid; favor; protection.”

indrāvaruṇāvasāvatam < avatam < av

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

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