Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 7.50.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ मां मि॑त्रावरुणे॒ह र॑क्षतं कुला॒यय॑द्वि॒श्वय॒न्मा न॒ आ ग॑न् । अ॒ज॒का॒वं दु॒र्दृशी॑कं ति॒रो द॑धे॒ मा मां पद्ये॑न॒ रप॑सा विद॒त्त्सरु॑: ॥
आ मां मित्रावरुणेह रक्षतं कुलाययद्विश्वयन्मा न आ गन् । अजकावं दुर्दृशीकं तिरो दधे मा मां पद्येन रपसा विदत्त्सरुः ॥
ā mām mitrāvaruṇeha rakṣataṃ kulāyayad viśvayan mā na ā gan | ajakāvaṃ durdṛśīkaṃ tiro dadhe mā mām padyena rapasā vidat tsaruḥ ||

English translation:

Mitra and Varuṇa, protect me here (in this world) let not the insidious and spreading (poison) reach me;may the equally malignant and undiscernible (venom) disappear; let not the tortuous (snake) recognize me by thesound of my footsteps.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Poison: kulāyayat viśvayat mā na ā gan: sthānam kurvat, making a plural ce or a nest;viśeṣena vardhamānam, especially increasing; the substantive is viṣam;

Venom: ajakāvam, durdṛśīkam arethe epithets used: ajakā nāma rogaviśeṣaḥ tad vat = ajakā is the name of a disease like that, a malignantpoison; durdarsa'anam = difficult or disagreeable to be seen; tortuous snake: tsarus chadmagāmī jihmagahsarpa ityarthaḥ: tsaru = what goes stealthily or crookedly, i.e., a snake

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): mitrāvaruṇau ;
Chandas (meter): svarāṭtriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

आ । माम् । मि॒त्रा॒व॒रु॒णा॒ । इ॒ह । र॒क्ष॒त॒म् । कु॒ला॒यय॑त् । वि॒ऽश्वय॑त् । मा । नः॒ । आ । ग॒न् । अ॒ज॒का॒ऽवम् । दुः॒ऽदृशी॑कम् । ति॒रः । द॒धे॒ । मा । माम् । पद्ये॑न । रप॑सा । वि॒द॒त् । त्सरुः॑ ॥
आ । माम् । मित्रावरुणा । इह । रक्षतम् । कुलाययत् । विश्वयत् । मा । नः । आ । गन् । अजकावम् । दुःदृशीकम् । तिरः । दधे । मा । माम् । पद्येन । रपसा । विदत् । त्सरुः ॥
ā | mām | mitrāvaruṇā | iha | rakṣatam | kulāyayat | vi-śvayat | mā | naḥ | ā | gan | ajakāvam | duḥ-dṛśīkam | tiraḥ | dadhe | mā | mām | padyena | rapasā | vidat | tsaruḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 7.50.1 English analysis of grammar]

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

mām < mad

[noun], accusative, singular

“I; mine.”

mitrāvaruṇeha < mitrāvaruṇā < mitrāvaruṇa

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Varuna; Mitra.”

mitrāvaruṇeha < iha

[adverb]

“here; now; in this world; now; below; there; here; just.”

rakṣataṃ < rakṣatam < rakṣ

[verb], dual, Present imperative

“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

kulāyayad < kulāyayat

[noun], nominative, singular, neuter

viśvayan < viśvayat < viśvi < √śvi

[verb noun], nominative, singular

[adverb]

“not.”

na < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

gan < gam

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“go; situate; enter (a state); travel; disappear; [in]; elapse; leave; reach; vanish; love; walk; approach; issue; hop on; gasify; get; come; die; drain; spread; transform; happen; discharge; ride; to be located; run; detect; refer; go; shall; drive.”

ajakāvaṃ < ajakāvam < ajakāva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

durdṛśīkaṃ < durdṛśīkam < durdṛśīka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“ugly.”

tiro < tiras

[adverb]

“tiras [word]; away; secretly.”

dadhe < dhā

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

[adverb]

“not.”

mām < mad

[noun], accusative, singular

“I; mine.”

padyena < padya

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“foot.”

rapasā < rapas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“injury; disease; infirmity; damage.”

vidat < vid

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“find; detect; marry; get; think.”

tsaruḥ < tsaru

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“hilt; sycophant.”

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