Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 7.21.7
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
दे॒वाश्चि॑त्ते असु॒र्या॑य॒ पूर्वेऽनु॑ क्ष॒त्राय॑ ममिरे॒ सहां॑सि । इन्द्रो॑ म॒घानि॑ दयते वि॒षह्येन्द्रं॒ वाज॑स्य जोहुवन्त सा॒तौ ॥
देवाश्चित्ते असुर्याय पूर्वेऽनु क्षत्राय ममिरे सहांसि । इन्द्रो मघानि दयते विषह्येन्द्रं वाजस्य जोहुवन्त सातौ ॥
devāś cit te asuryāya pūrve 'nu kṣatrāya mamire sahāṃsi | indro maghāni dayate viṣahyendraṃ vājasya johuvanta sātau ||
English translation:
“The older deities have confessed your vigour superior to their destructive strength, Indra havingsubdued his foes, gives the rich spoils (to his worshippers); they invoke Indra to obtain food.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The older deities:devas chit purve, the asuras are older than the gods. asūryāya kṣatrāya anumamire sahāṃsi: anu, theyhave confessed inferiority to your strength; tava balebhyo hina mamire;
Asūryāya = balāya, to strength;
Kṣatrāya: from kṣadi, to injure, hiṃsayam
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
दे॒वाः । चि॒त् । ते॒ । अ॒सु॒र्या॑य । पूर्वे॑ । अनु॑ । क्ष॒त्राय॑ । म॒मि॒रे॒ । सहां॑सि । इन्द्रः॑ । म॒घानि॑ । द॒य॒ते॒ । वि॒ऽसह्य॑ । इन्द्र॑म् । वाज॑स्य । जो॒हु॒व॒न्त॒ । सा॒तौ ॥
देवाः । चित् । ते । असुर्याय । पूर्वे । अनु । क्षत्राय । ममिरे । सहांसि । इन्द्रः । मघानि । दयते । विसह्य । इन्द्रम् । वाजस्य । जोहुवन्त । सातौ ॥
devāḥ | cit | te | asuryāya | pūrve | anu | kṣatrāya | mamire | sahāṃsi | indraḥ | maghāni | dayate | vi-sahya | indram | vājasya | johuvanta | sātau
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 7.21.7 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], dative, singular
“you.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“dignity.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[noun], dative, singular, neuter
“Kshatriya; dominion; Kshatriya; kṣatra [word]; power.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“weigh; measure; total; last; weigh; measure; give away; transform.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“force; strength; might; sahas [word]; conquest.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“gift; wealth; reward; wages; reward.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“share.”
[verb noun]
“can; overpower; prevail.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“prize; Vāja; reward; reward; Ribhus; vigor; strength; contest.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“appeal.”
[noun], locative, singular, feminine
“victory; acquisition; contest.”