Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 7.18.6

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

पु॒रो॒ळा इत्तु॒र्वशो॒ यक्षु॑रासीद्रा॒ये मत्स्या॑सो॒ निशि॑ता॒ अपी॑व । श्रु॒ष्टिं च॑क्रु॒र्भृग॑वो द्रु॒ह्यव॑श्च॒ सखा॒ सखा॑यमतर॒द्विषू॑चोः ॥
पुरोळा इत्तुर्वशो यक्षुरासीद्राये मत्स्यासो निशिता अपीव । श्रुष्टिं चक्रुर्भृगवो द्रुह्यवश्च सखा सखायमतरद्विषूचोः ॥
puroḻā it turvaśo yakṣur āsīd rāye matsyāso niśitā apīva | śruṣṭiṃ cakrur bhṛgavo druhyavaś ca sakhā sakhāyam atarad viṣūcoḥ ||

English translation:

Turvaśa, who was presiding (at solemn rites), diligent in sacrifice, (went to Sudāsa) for wealth; but likefishes restricted (to the element of water), the Bhrigus and Druhyus quickly assailed them; of these twoeverywhere going the friend (of Sudāsa, Indra) rescued his friend.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

The legend: Indra saves one of the two,Sudāsa (and perhaps slays the other), turvaśam avadhīt; matsyaso niśitaḥ, fishes limited to water; the peopleof the country Matsya were attacked by Turvaśa, tena matsyajanapada bādhitaḥ; śruṣṭim cakruḥ (applied tothe Bhrigus) = aśuprāptim cakruḥ; sukham turvaśasys cakruḥ-- making the Bhrigus and Druhyus the allies ofTurvaśa

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

पु॒रो॒ळाः । इत् । तु॒र्वशः॑ । यक्षुः॑ । आ॒सी॒त् । रा॒ये । मत्स्या॑सः । निऽशि॑ताः । अपि॑ऽइव । श्रु॒ष्टिम् । च॒क्रुः॒ । भृग॑वः । द्रु॒ह्यवः॑ । च॒ । सखा॑ । सखा॑यम् । अ॒त॒र॒त् । विषू॑चोः ॥
पुरोळाः । इत् । तुर्वशः । यक्षुः । आसीत् । राये । मत्स्यासः । निशिताः । अपिइव । श्रुष्टिम् । चक्रुः । भृगवः । द्रुह्यवः । च । सखा । सखायम् । अतरत् । विषूचोः ॥
puroḷāḥ | it | turvaśaḥ | yakṣuḥ | āsīt | rāye | matsyāsaḥ | ni-śitāḥ | api-iva | śruṣṭim | cakruḥ | bhṛgavaḥ | druhyavaḥ | ca | sakhā | sakhāyam | atarat | viṣūcoḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 7.18.6 English analysis of grammar]

puroᄆā < puroḍāś

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“puroḍāśa.”

it < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

turvaśo < turvasu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Turvasu.”

yakṣur < yakṣuḥ < yakṣu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

āsīd < āsīt < as

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“be; exist; become; originate; happen; result; be; dwell; be born; stay; be; equal; exist; transform.”

rāye < rai

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“wealth; possession; rai [word]; gold.”

matsyāso < matsyāsaḥ < matsya

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“fish; Matsya; Matsya; matsya [word].”

niśitā < niśitāḥ < niśā < √śā

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“sharpen.”

apīva < api

[adverb]

“besides; even; surely; though; furthermore; among; contrastingly; assuredly.”

apīva < iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

śruṣṭiṃ < śruṣṭim < śruṣṭi

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

cakrur < cakruḥ < kṛ

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

bhṛgavo < bhṛgavaḥ < bhṛgu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Bhṛgu; precipice; Bhṛgu; Bhṛgu; Venus; bhṛgu [word].”

druhyavaś < druhyavaḥ < druhyu

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“Druhyu.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

sakhā < sakhi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

sakhāyam < sakhi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

atarad < atarat < tṛ

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”

viṣūcoḥ < viṣvañc

[noun], genitive, dual, masculine

“dispersed; viṣvañc [word].”

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