Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 7.12.2

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स म॒ह्ना विश्वा॑ दुरि॒तानि॑ सा॒ह्वान॒ग्निः ष्ट॑वे॒ दम॒ आ जा॒तवे॑दाः । स नो॑ रक्षिषद्दुरि॒ताद॑व॒द्याद॒स्मान्गृ॑ण॒त उ॒त नो॑ म॒घोन॑: ॥
स मह्ना विश्वा दुरितानि साह्वानग्निः ष्टवे दम आ जातवेदाः । स नो रक्षिषद्दुरितादवद्यादस्मान्गृणत उत नो मघोनः ॥
sa mahnā viśvā duritāni sāhvān agniḥ ṣṭave dama ā jātavedāḥ | sa no rakṣiṣad duritād avadyād asmān gṛṇata uta no maghonaḥ ||

English translation:

“May that Agni who by his greatness is the overcomer of all evils, who is praised as Jātavedas in the(sacrificial) chamber, protect us, glorifying him, and affluent (in oblations), from all sin and reproach.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vasiṣṭhaḥ [vasiṣṭha];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सः । म॒ह्ना । विश्वा॑ । दुः॒ऽइ॒तानि॑ । सा॒ह्वान् । अ॒ग्निः । स्त॒वे॒ । दमे॑ । आ । जा॒तऽवे॑दाः । सः । नः॒ । र॒क्षि॒ष॒त् । दुः॒ऽइ॒तात् । अ॒व॒द्या॒त् । अ॒स्मान् । गृ॒ण॒तः । उ॒त । नः॒ । म॒घोनः॑ ॥
सः । मह्ना । विश्वा । दुःइतानि । साह्वान् । अग्निः । स्तवे । दमे । आ । जातवेदाः । सः । नः । रक्षिषत् । दुःइतात् । अवद्यात् । अस्मान् । गृणतः । उत । नः । मघोनः ॥
saḥ | mahnā | viśvā | duḥ-itāni | sāhvān | agniḥ | stave | dame | ā | jāta-vedāḥ | saḥ | naḥ | rakṣiṣat | duḥ-itāt | avadyāt | asmān | gṛṇataḥ | uta | naḥ | maghonaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 7.12.2 English analysis of grammar]

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

mahnā < mahan

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“greatness.”

viśvā < viśva

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”

duritāni < durita

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“danger; sin; difficulty; difficulty; evil.”

sāhvān < sah

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“endure; overcome; habituate.”

agni

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

ṣṭave < stave < stu

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“laud; praise; declare; stu.”

dama < dame < dama

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“dwelling; home.”

ā

[adverb]

“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”

jātavedāḥ < jātavedas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Agni; fire.”

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

rakṣiṣad < rakṣiṣat < rakṣ

[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.

“protect; guard; keep; stow; govern; guard; spare; accumulate.”

duritād < duritāt < durita

[noun], ablative, singular, neuter

“danger; sin; difficulty; difficulty; evil.”

avadyād < avadyāt < avadya

[noun], ablative, singular, neuter

“shame; censure; blame.”

asmān < mad

[noun], accusative, plural

“I; mine.”

gṛṇata < gṛṇataḥ < gṛ

[verb noun], accusative, plural

“praise.”

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

no < naḥ < mad

[noun], genitive, plural

“I; mine.”

maghonaḥ < maghavan

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“big.”

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