Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 6.69.8

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒भा जि॑ग्यथु॒र्न परा॑ जयेथे॒ न परा॑ जिग्ये कत॒रश्च॒नैनो॑: । इन्द्र॑श्च विष्णो॒ यदप॑स्पृधेथां त्रे॒धा स॒हस्रं॒ वि तदै॑रयेथाम् ॥
उभा जिग्यथुर्न परा जयेथे न परा जिग्ये कतरश्चनैनोः । इन्द्रश्च विष्णो यदपस्पृधेथां त्रेधा सहस्रं वि तदैरयेथाम् ॥
ubhā jigyathur na parā jayethe na parā jigye kataraś canainoḥ | indraś ca viṣṇo yad apaspṛdhethāṃ tredhā sahasraṃ vi tad airayethām ||

English translation:

“You have both (ever) been victorious; never have been conquered; neither of you two has been vanquished; with whomsoever you have contended you have thrice conquered thousands.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Tredhā sahasram vi tad airayethām vyakramethām: the treble manner of kinds mean: the world, the vedas, and speech; lokavedavāgātmanā tridhā sthitam, being in three ways, consisting of speech, the vedas, the world;

Sahasram = amitam, unmeasured, infinite; Aitareya Brāhman.a vi.15: After Indra and Viṣṇu had overcome the asuras, Indra said to them, we will divide he universe with you; whatever Viṣṇu traverses with three steps shall be ours the rest shall be for you, to which the asuras consented. With his first step Viṣṇu traversed the three worlds; with his second he traversed, vicakrame, the vedas; and with the third he crossed over all speech: sarvasya vāco upari tṛīyam pādam prakṛptavān, so that, in fact, nothing was left for the asuras. What is sahasram? It implies infinite, or the whole, which is by combining all worlds, all vedas, all modes of speech. Taittirīya, seventh kāṇḍa is cited: sahasra = sarvam jagat, the whole world

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): bharadvājo bārhaspatyaḥ [bharadvāja bārhaspatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāviṣṇū ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

उ॒भा । जि॒ग्य॒थुः॒ । न । परा॑ । ज॒ये॒थे॒ इति॑ । न । परा॑ । जि॒ग्ये॒ । क॒त॒रः । च॒न । ए॒नोः॒ । इन्द्रः॑ । च॒ । वि॒ष्णो॒ इति॑ । यत् । अप॑स्पृधेथाम् । त्रे॒धा । स॒हस्र॑म् । वि । तत् । ऐ॒र॒ये॒था॒म् ॥
उभा । जिग्यथुः । न । परा । जयेथे इति । न । परा । जिग्ये । कतरः । चन । एनोः । इन्द्रः । च । विष्णो इति । यत् । अपस्पृधेथाम् । त्रेधा । सहस्रम् । वि । तत् । ऐरयेथाम् ॥
ubhā | jigyathuḥ | na | parā | jayetheiti | na | parā | jigye | kataraḥ | cana | enoḥ | indraḥ | ca | viṣṇo iti | yat | apasṛdhethām | tredhā | sahasram | vi | tat | airayethām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 6.69.8 English analysis of grammar]

ubhā < ubh

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

“both(a).”

jigyathur < jigyathuḥ < ji

[verb], dual, Perfect indicative

“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

parā

[adverb]

“away.”

jayethe < ji

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

parā

[adverb]

“away.”

jigye < ji

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“overcome; cure; win; conquer; control; win; succeed; remove; beat; govern; surpass; suppress.”

kataraś < kataraḥ < katara

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“katara [word]; who.”

canainoḥ < cana

[adverb]

“not even; cana [word].”

canainoḥ < enoḥ < enad

[noun], genitive, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.).”

indraś < indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

viṣṇo < viṣṇu

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Vishnu; Krishna; Viṣṇu; Om; Shiva.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

apaspṛdhethāṃ < apaspṛdhethām < spṛdh

[verb], dual, Plusquamperfect

“rival.”

tredhā

[adverb]

“threefold.”

sahasraṃ < sahasram < sahasra

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“thousand; one-thousandth; sahasra [word].”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

tad < tat < tad

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

airayethām < īray < √īr

[verb], dual, Imperfect

“name; describe; propel; shoot; state; call; raise; expel; tell; enumerate.”

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