Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 6.59.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

य इ॑न्द्राग्नी सु॒तेषु॑ वां॒ स्तव॒त्तेष्वृ॑तावृधा । जो॒ष॒वा॒कं वद॑तः पज्रहोषिणा॒ न दे॑वा भ॒सथ॑श्च॒न ॥
य इन्द्राग्नी सुतेषु वां स्तवत्तेष्वृतावृधा । जोषवाकं वदतः पज्रहोषिणा न देवा भसथश्चन ॥
ya indrāgnī suteṣu vāṃ stavat teṣv ṛtāvṛdhā | joṣavākaṃ vadataḥ pajrahoṣiṇā na devā bhasathaś cana ||

English translation:

“Divine Indra and Agni, augmenters of sacrifice by whom the acclamation (of praise) is received, you partake not of the (Soma) of him who, when the libation is effused, praises you (improperly), uttering unacceptable eulogies.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Praises you improperly: yo vam stavat, he who may praise you badly, kutsitam stūyat; uttering unacceptable eulogies: joṣavākam vadataḥ: prītihetutvena kartavyam svay aprītikaram vacam, speech to be uttered with the design of gaining affection, but of itself producing disaffection or dislike; so, in Nirukta 5.22: ya indragnī suteṣu vām someṣu stauti teṣu na tasya aśnīthaḥ, of him who praises you two, Agni and Indra, when the Soma juices are effused you do not eat (the offering); the Nirukta has: you eat, omitting the negative;

Joṣavākam: avijñatanāmadheyam joṣayitavyam bhavati, that being of unknown name is to be propitiated; yo ayam joṣavākam vadati viañjapaḥ na tasya aśnīthaḥ, this person n who utters, joṣavākam, repeating incessantly, or silently, propitiatory prayer of various objects, of that man, you two do not eat the offering

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): bharadvājo bārhaspatyaḥ [bharadvāja bārhaspatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indrāgnī ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdbṛhatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यः । इ॒न्द्रा॒ग्नी॒ इति॑ । सु॒तेषु॑ । वा॒म् । स्तव॑त् । तेषु॑ । ऋ॒त॒ऽवृ॒धा॒ । जो॒ष॒ऽवा॒कम् । वद॑तः । प॒ज्र॒ऽहो॒षि॒णा॒ । न । दे॒वा॒ । भ॒सथः॑ । च॒न ॥
यः । इन्द्राग्नी इति । सुतेषु । वाम् । स्तवत् । तेषु । ऋतवृधा । जोषवाकम् । वदतः । पज्रहोषिणा । न । देवा । भसथः । चन ॥
yaḥ | indrāgnī iti | suteṣu | vām | stavat | teṣu | ṛta-vṛdhā | joṣa-vākam | vadataḥ | pajra-hoṣi ṇā | na | devā | bhasathaḥ | cana

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 6.59.4 English analysis of grammar]

ya < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

indrāgnī < indra

[noun], masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indrāgnī < agnī < agni

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

suteṣu < suta

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“Soma.”

vāṃ < vām < tvad

[noun], accusative, dual

“you.”

stavat < stu

[verb], singular, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)

“laud; praise; declare; stu.”

teṣv < teṣu < tad

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

ṛtāvṛdhā < ṛtāvṛdh

[noun], accusative, dual, masculine

“sincere.”

joṣavākaṃ < joṣa

[noun], masculine

joṣavākaṃ < vākam < vāka

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

vadataḥ < vad

[verb noun], genitive, singular

“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”

pajrahoṣiṇā < pajrahoṣin

[noun], nominative, dual, masculine

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

devā < deva

[noun], vocative, dual, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

bhasathaś < bhasathaḥ < bhas

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“chew; snatch.”

cana

[adverb]

“not even; cana [word].”

Like what you read? Consider supporting this website: