Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 6.44.24

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒यं द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी वि ष्क॑भायद॒यं रथ॑मयुनक्स॒प्तर॑श्मिम् । अ॒यं गोषु॒ शच्या॑ प॒क्वम॒न्तः सोमो॑ दाधार॒ दश॑यन्त्र॒मुत्स॑म् ॥
अयं द्यावापृथिवी वि ष्कभायदयं रथमयुनक्सप्तरश्मिम् । अयं गोषु शच्या पक्वमन्तः सोमो दाधार दशयन्त्रमुत्सम् ॥
ayaṃ dyāvāpṛthivī vi ṣkabhāyad ayaṃ ratham ayunak saptaraśmim | ayaṃ goṣu śacyā pakvam antaḥ somo dādhāra daśayantram utsam ||

English translation:

“This (Soma) has been fixed heaven and earth; this has harnessed the seven-rayed chariot (of the sun); this Soma has developed of its own will the mature deeply-organized secretion in the kind.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

This has fixed heaven: these functions are ascribed to the Soma as being the source of the energies of Indra, who is the real agent, both in this and the preceding verse; this Indra has made the heavens etc.; deeply-organized secretion: daśayantram utsam = a well with ten machines;

Utsa = utsaraṇaśīlam, having the property of flowing forth, payas, milk; the epithet daśayantram is intriguing: it may imply aggregated bodily existence, or organs and functions of the body, which are the result of the nutriment furnished to the child by the matured milk agreeably to a khila, or cakṣuśca śrotram ca manaśca prāṇāpanau, deha, idam śarīram dvau prat yañcāvanulomau visargāv-etam tam manye diśayantram utsam, I consider the eye, the ear, the mind, the speech, the two vital airs, the form, the body, the two creations inverted and direct, as the tenfold utsa, or state of being; or, perhaps Soma is being offered with nine texts to Indra and other deities at the morning sacrifice (Aitareya Brāhman.a 3.1)

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): śaṃyurbārhaspatyaḥ [śaṃyurbārhaspatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

अ॒यम् । द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी इति॑ । वि । स्क॒भा॒य॒त् । अ॒यम् । रथ॑म् । अ॒यु॒न॒क् । स॒प्तऽर॑श्मिम् । अ॒यम् । गोषु॑ । शच्या॑ । प॒क्वम् । अ॒न्तरिति॑ । सोमः॑ । दा॒धा॒र॒ । दश॑ऽयन्त्रम् । उत्स॑म् ॥
अयम् । द्यावापृथिवी इति । वि । स्कभायत् । अयम् । रथम् । अयुनक् । सप्तरश्मिम् । अयम् । गोषु । शच्या । पक्वम् । अन्तरिति । सोमः । दाधार । दशयन्त्रम् । उत्सम् ॥
ayam | dyāvāpṛthivī iti | vi | skabhāyat | ayam | ratham | ayunak | sapta-raśmim | ayam | goṣu | śacyā | pakvam | antariti | somaḥ | dādhāra | daśa-yantram | utsam

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 6.44.24 English analysis of grammar]

ayaṃ < ayam < idam

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

dyāvāpṛthivī

[noun], accusative, dual, feminine

“heaven and earth; dyāvāpṛthivī [word].”

vi

[adverb]

“apart; away; away.”

ṣkabhāyad < skabhāyat < skabhāy < √skambh

[verb], singular, Present injunctive

ayaṃ < ayam < idam

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ratham < ratha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”

ayunak < yuj

[verb], singular, Imperfect

“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

saptaraśmim < sapta < saptan

[noun]

“seven; seventh.”

saptaraśmim < raśmim < raśmi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“beam; rein; sunbeam; shininess; cord.”

ayaṃ < ayam < idam

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

goṣu < go

[noun], locative, plural, masculine

“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”

śacyā < śacī

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“Śacī; power; dexterity; ability; aid.”

pakvam < pakva

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“heated; pakva; ripe; cooked; festering; baked; developed; doomed; digested; pakva [word]; suppurative; gray; fruiting; done.”

antaḥ < antar

[adverb]

“inside; in; antar [word]; midmost; between; among.”

somo < somaḥ < soma

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

dādhāra < dhṛ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“keep; put; hold; assume; wear; take; promise; stay; exist; hold; begin; dip.”

daśayantram < daśa < daśan

[noun]

“ten; tenth; daśan [word].”

daśayantram < yantram < yantra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“alchemical apparatus; surgical instrument; machine; implement; instrument; tool; tie; mechanism.”

utsam < utsa

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“spring; fountain; utsa [word]; well.”

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