Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 6.33.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

स त्वं न॑ इ॒न्द्राक॑वाभिरू॒ती सखा॑ वि॒श्वायु॑रवि॒ता वृ॒धे भू॑: । स्व॑र्षाता॒ यद्ध्वया॑मसि त्वा॒ युध्य॑न्तो ने॒मधि॑ता पृ॒त्सु शू॑र ॥
स त्वं न इन्द्राकवाभिरूती सखा विश्वायुरविता वृधे भूः । स्वर्षाता यद्ध्वयामसि त्वा युध्यन्तो नेमधिता पृत्सु शूर ॥
sa tvaṃ na indrākavābhir ūtī sakhā viśvāyur avitā vṛdhe bhūḥ | svarṣātā yad dhvayāmasi tvā yudhyanto nemadhitā pṛtsu śūra ||

English translation:

“Do you, Indra, who are all-pervading, be a friend, and a protector with irreproachable protections for our prosperity; when warring in number-thinning conflicts, we invoke you for the acquisition of wealth.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

When warring: yudyanto nemadhitā pṛtsu: nema = ardha, a half; or, some, katipayāḥ puruṣā dhīyanta eṣu, in those battles, pṛtsu, in which some men are engaged or killed;

Nemadhitā = nemadhitayā; for the acquisition of wealth: svaraṣātā = suṣṭhu araṇīyam dhanam tasya sambhaanārtham, very precious wealth for the sake of enjoying it, that is, by the spoils of the enemy

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): śunahotraḥ [śunahotra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सः । त्वम् । नः॒ । इ॒न्द्र॒ । अक॑वाभिः । ऊ॒ती । सखा॑ । वि॒श्वऽआ॑युः । अ॒वि॒ता । वृ॒धे । भूः॒ । स्वः॑ऽसाता । यत् । ह्वया॑मसि । त्वा॒ । युध्य॑न्तः । ने॒मऽधि॑ता । पृ॒त्ऽसु । शू॒र॒ ॥
सः । त्वम् । नः । इन्द्र । अकवाभिः । ऊती । सखा । विश्वआयुः । अविता । वृधे । भूः । स्वःसाता । यत् । ह्वयामसि । त्वा । युध्यन्तः । नेमधिता । पृत्सु । शूर ॥
saḥ | tvam | naḥ | indra | akavābhiḥ | ūtī | sakhā | viśva-āyuḥ | avitā | vṛdhe | bhūḥ | svaḥ-sātā | yat | hvayāmasi | tvā | yudhyantaḥ | nema-dhitā | pṛt-su | śūra

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 6.33.4 English analysis of grammar]

sa < tad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

tvaṃ < tvam < tvad

[noun], nominative, singular

“you.”

na < naḥ < mad

[noun], dative, plural

“I; mine.”

indrākavābhir < indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indrākavābhir < akavābhiḥ < akava

[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine

“perfect.”

ūtī < ūti

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“aid; favor; ūti [word].”

sakhā < sakhi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

viśvāyur < viśvāyuḥ < viśvāyu

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“lifelong.”

avitā < avitṛ

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“favorable.”

vṛdhe < vṛdh

[verb noun]

“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”

bhūḥ < bhū

[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

svarṣātā < svarṣāti

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

yaddhvayāmasi < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

yaddhvayāmasi < hvayāmasi < hvā

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“raise; call on; call; summon.”

tvā < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

yudhyanto < yudhyantaḥ < yudh

[verb noun], nominative, plural

“fight; overcome.”

nemadhitā < nemadhiti

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

pṛtsu < pṛt

[noun], locative, plural, feminine

“battle.”

śūra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“hero; cock; śūra; Śūra; Vatica robusta; Plumbago zeylanica; warrior; hero; attacker; lentil; wild boar; lion; dog.”

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