Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.74.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

पौ॒रं चि॒द्ध्यु॑द॒प्रुतं॒ पौर॑ पौ॒राय॒ जिन्व॑थः । यदीं॑ गृभी॒तता॑तये सिं॒हमि॑व द्रु॒हस्प॒दे ॥
पौरं चिद्ध्युदप्रुतं पौर पौराय जिन्वथः । यदीं गृभीततातये सिंहमिव द्रुहस्पदे ॥
pauraṃ cid dhy udaprutam paura paurāya jinvathaḥ | yad īṃ gṛbhītatātaye siṃham iva druhas pade ||

English translation:

Pauras, send to Paura the rain-shedding cloud drive it to him who is engaged in sacrifice, as (hunters chase) a lion in a forest.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Paura: pauram cid udaprutam paura paurāya jinvathaḥ: the name of the ṛṣi is applied to the Aśvins,because they are in relation with Paura as the author of the sūkta;

Paura = Aśvins;

Pauram = a cloud, being solicited by the ṛṣi for the fall of rain;

Paurāya = to me the ṛṣi so called; aṣ..a lion in a forest: siṃham iva druhaspade: druhaspade = a plural ce of difficult access, a thicket; yathā balād cyāvayanti śurāḥ, as heroes hurl down a lion by their strength

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): paura ātreyaḥ [paura ātreya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): aśvinau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdanuṣṭup;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

पौ॒रम् । चि॒त् । हि । उ॒द॒ऽप्रुत॑म् । पौर॑ । पौ॒राय॑ । जिन्व॑थः । यत् । ई॒म् । गृ॒भी॒तऽता॑तये । सिं॒हम्ऽइ॑व । द्रु॒हः । प॒दे ॥
पौरम् । चित् । हि । उदप्रुतम् । पौर । पौराय । जिन्वथः । यत् । ईम् । गृभीततातये । सिंहम्इव । द्रुहः । पदे ॥
pauram | cit | hi | uda-prutam | paura | paurāya | jinvathaḥ | yat | īm | gṛbhīta-tātaye | siṃham-iva | druhaḥ | pade

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.74.4 English analysis of grammar]

pauraṃ < pauram < paura

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

ciddhy < cit

[adverb]

“even; indeed.”

ciddhy < hi

[adverb]

“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”

udaprutam < uda

[noun], neuter

“water.”

udaprutam < prutam < prut

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

paura

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

paurāya < paura

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

jinvathaḥ < jinv

[verb], dual, Present indikative

“enliven; animate.”

yad < yat

[adverb]

“once [when]; because; that; if; how.”

īṃ < īm < īṃ

[adverb]

gṛbhītatātaye < gṛbhītatāti

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

siṃham < siṃha

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“lion; hero; best; leader; siṃha [word].”

iva

[adverb]

“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”

druhas < druhaḥ < druh

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“deception; druh; misrepresentation; fraudulence; offense; injury.”

pade < pada

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“word; location; foot; footprint; pada [word]; verse; footstep; metrical foot; situation; dwelling; state; step; mark; position; trace; construction; animal foot; way; moment; social station; topographic point; path; residence; site; topic.”

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