Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 5.48.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ता अ॑त्नत व॒युनं॑ वी॒रव॑क्षणं समा॒न्या वृ॒तया॒ विश्व॒मा रज॑: । अपो॒ अपा॑ची॒रप॑रा॒ अपे॑जते॒ प्र पूर्वा॑भिस्तिरते देव॒युर्जन॑: ॥
ता अत्नत वयुनं वीरवक्षणं समान्या वृतया विश्वमा रजः । अपो अपाचीरपरा अपेजते प्र पूर्वाभिस्तिरते देवयुर्जनः ॥
tā atnata vayunaṃ vīravakṣaṇaṃ samānyā vṛtayā viśvam ā rajaḥ | apo apācīr aparā apejate pra pūrvābhis tirate devayur janaḥ ||
English translation:
“These dawns diffuse the consciousness that is apprehended by pious men, and (overspread) the whole world with uniform, investing (light); the devout man disregards the dawns which have turned back, and (those which) are to come, and improves (his understanding) by those which have proceeded.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The dawns which have...: āpo apācīr aparā apejate: apaciḥ = pratinivṛttamukhiḥ;
Aparā = agaminir uṣasaḥ;
Apejate = apācalayati, he causes to go away; he sends away future dawns with averted faces; improves his understanding: pra pūrvābhistirate = pratirate: vardhayati sva maniṣam or svayam vardhate
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): pratibhānurātreyaḥ [pratibhānurātreya];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
ताः । अ॒त्न॒त॒ । व॒युन॑म् । वी॒रऽव॑क्षणम् । स॒मा॒न्या । वृ॒तया॑ । विश्व॑म् । आ । रजः॑ । अपो॒ इति॑ । अपा॑चीः । अप॑राः । अप॑ । ई॒ज॒ते॒ । प्र । पूर्वा॑भिः । ति॒र॒ते॒ । दे॒व॒ऽयुः । जनः॑ ॥
ताः । अत्नत । वयुनम् । वीरवक्षणम् । समान्या । वृतया । विश्वम् । आ । रजः । अपो इति । अपाचीः । अपराः । अप । ईजते । प्र । पूर्वाभिः । तिरते । देवयुः । जनः ॥
tāḥ | atnata | vayunam | vīra-vakṣaṇam | samānyā | vṛtayā | viśvam | ā | rajaḥ | apo iti | apācīḥ | aparāḥ | apa | ījate | pra | pūrvābhiḥ | tirate | deva-yuḥ | janaḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 5.48.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”
[verb], plural, Root aorist (Ind.)
“expand; perform; cause; increase; write; spread; produce; spread; speak; propagate.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“convention; custom; means.”
[noun], masculine
“hero; man; Vīra; vīra; vīra [word]; Vīra.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“fortifying.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“like; identical; common; like; alike(p); same; samāna [word]; akin(p); comparable; identical; mutual; equal.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“powder; menorrhea; dust; Rajas; atmosphere; rajas; pollen; passion; rajas [word]; sindūra; rust; tin; impurity; dark; sky.”
[adverb]
“away.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“backward; apāñc [word]; western.”
[noun], accusative, plural, feminine
“other; another(a); following; western; future; apara [word]; elder; remaining; some(a); later(a); back(a).”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, feminine
“aforesaid(a); antecedent; previous(a); first; eastern; former(a); pūrva [word]; age-old; anterior; bygone; fore(a); predictive; firstborn; easterly; instrumental.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“traverse; overcome; float; rescue; reach; satisfy.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“devout; devoted.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”