Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.44.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र व॑ ए॒ते सु॒युजो॒ याम॑न्नि॒ष्टये॒ नीची॑र॒मुष्मै॑ य॒म्य॑ ऋता॒वृध॑: । सु॒यन्तु॑भिः सर्वशा॒सैर॒भीशु॑भि॒: क्रिवि॒र्नामा॑नि प्रव॒णे मु॑षायति ॥
प्र व एते सुयुजो यामन्निष्टये नीचीरमुष्मै यम्य ऋतावृधः । सुयन्तुभिः सर्वशासैरभीशुभिः क्रिविर्नामानि प्रवणे मुषायति ॥
pra va ete suyujo yāmann iṣṭaye nīcīr amuṣmai yamya ṛtāvṛdhaḥ | suyantubhiḥ sarvaśāsair abhīśubhiḥ krivir nāmāni pravaṇe muṣāyati ||

English translation:

“These well-combined rays (of the sun) are descending with intent to proceed on the path (of the sacrifice), amplifiers of the ceremony for this (its instrumental tutor); operating with these swift-moving, all-regulating rays, he, (Āditya) steals the waters (that flow) in low plural ces.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): avatsāraḥ kāśyapa anye ca dṛsṭaliṅgāḥ [avatsāra kāśyapa anye ca dṛsṭaliṅgāḥ];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): viśvedevā:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛjjagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

प्र । वः॒ । ए॒ते । सु॒ऽयुजः॑ । याम॑न् । इ॒ष्टये॑ । नीचीः॑ । अ॒मुष्मै॑ । य॒म्यः॑ । ऋ॒त॒ऽवृधः॑ । सु॒यन्तु॑ऽभिः । स॒र्व॒ऽशा॒सैः । अ॒भीशु॑ऽभिः । क्रिविः॑ । नामा॑नि । प्र॒व॒णे । मु॒षा॒य॒ति॒ ॥
प्र । वः । एते । सुयुजः । यामन् । इष्टये । नीचीः । अमुष्मै । यम्यः । ऋतवृधः । सुयन्तुभिः । सर्वशासैः । अभीशुभिः । क्रिविः । नामानि । प्रवणे । मुषायति ॥
pra | vaḥ | ete | su-yujaḥ | yāman | iṣṭaye | nīcīḥ | amuṣmai | yamyaḥ | ṛta-vṛdhaḥ | suyantu-bhiḥ | sarva-śāsaiḥ | abhīśu-bhiḥ | kriviḥ | nāmāni | pravaṇe | muṣāyati

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.44.4 English analysis of grammar]

pra

[adverb]

“towards; ahead.”

va < vaḥ < tvad

[noun], genitive, plural

“you.”

ete < etad

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

suyujo < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

suyujo < yujaḥ < yuj

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“ally; friend; pair; two; companion.”

yāmann < yāman

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“expedition; path; expedition; arrival.”

iṣṭaye < iṣṭi

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

nīcīr < nīcīḥ < nyāñc

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

amuṣmai < adas

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“that; John Doe; yonder; from here.”

yamya < yamyaḥ < yamī

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“Yamī.”

ṛtāvṛdhaḥ < ṛtāvṛdh

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“sincere.”

suyantubhiḥ < suyantu

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

sarvaśāsair < sarva

[noun]

“all(a); whole; complete; sarva [word]; every(a); each(a); all; entire; sāṃnipātika; manifold; complete; all the(a); different; overall.”

sarvaśāsair < śāsaiḥ < śāsa

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“ruler; commander.”

abhīśubhiḥ < abhīśu

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“beam; rein.”

krivir < kriviḥ < krivi

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

nāmāni < nāman

[noun], accusative, plural, neuter

“name; appellation; nāman [word]; nāmakaraṇa; surname; noun; word.”

pravaṇe < pravaṇa

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“descent.”

muṣāyati < muṣāy < √muṣ

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“steal; rob.”

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