Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.40.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒जी॒षी व॒ज्री वृ॑ष॒भस्तु॑रा॒षाट् छु॒ष्मी राजा॑ वृत्र॒हा सो॑म॒पावा॑ । यु॒क्त्वा हरि॑भ्या॒मुप॑ यासद॒र्वाङ्माध्यं॑दिने॒ सव॑ने मत्स॒दिन्द्र॑: ॥
ऋजीषी वज्री वृषभस्तुराषाट् छुष्मी राजा वृत्रहा सोमपावा । युक्त्वा हरिभ्यामुप यासदर्वाङ्माध्यंदिने सवने मत्सदिन्द्रः ॥
ṛjīṣī vajrī vṛṣabhas turāṣāṭ chuṣmī rājā vṛtrahā somapāvā | yuktvā haribhyām upa yāsad arvāṅ mādhyaṃdine savane matsad indraḥ ||

English translation:

“May the accepter of the spiritless libation, the wilder of the thunderbolt, the showerer (of benefits), the overcomer of quick- (flying foes), the mighty, the monarch, the slayer of Vṛtra, the drinker of the Soma, having harnessed his horses, come down (to us); may Indra be exhilarated at the mid-day sacrifice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Accepter of the spiritless libation: ṛjīṣin = the possessor or ruler of the ṛjīṣa, here explained as gatasāra somarasa, or that which ahs been offered at the morning and midday ceremonies, and of which the residue is now presented at the evening sacrifice

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): atriḥ [atri];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ऋ॒जी॒षी । व॒ज्री । वृ॒ष॒भः । तु॒रा॒षाट् । शु॒ष्मी । राजा॑ । वृ॒त्र॒ऽहा । स॒म॒ऽपावा॑ । यु॒क्त्वा । हरि॑ऽभ्याम् । उप॑ । या॒स॒त् । अ॒र्वाङ् । माध्य॑न्दिने । सव॑ने । म॒त्स॒त् । इन्द्रः॑ ॥
ऋजीषी । वज्री । वृषभः । तुराषाट् । शुष्मी । राजा । वृत्रहा । समपावा । युक्त्वा । हरिभ्याम् । उप । यासत् । अर्वाङ् । माध्यन्दिने । सवने । मत्सत् । इन्द्रः ॥
ṛjīṣī | vajrī | vṛṣabhaḥ | turāṣāṭ | śuṣmī | rājā | vṛtra-hā | sama-pāvā | yuktvā | hari-bhyām | upa | yāsat | arvāṅ | mādhyandine | savane | matsat | indraḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.40.4 English analysis of grammar]

ṛjīṣī < ṛjīṣin

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

vajrī < vajrin

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; vajra; Euphorbia neriifolia L.; abhra; Buddha.”

vṛṣabhas < vṛṣabhaḥ < vṛṣabha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”

turāṣāṭ < turāṣāh

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

chuṣmī < śuṣmin

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“strong; hotheaded.”

rājā < rājan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”

vṛtrahā < vṛtrahan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra.”

somapāvā < soma

[noun], masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

somapāvā < pāvā < pāvan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“drinking.”

yuktvā < yuj

[verb noun]

“mix; use; endow; yoke; accompany; to practice Yoga; connect; hire; administer; compound; affect; add; concentrate; unite; join; prosecute; combine; supply; compound; attach to; appoint; fill; process; mobilize; mount; complement; eat; join; treat; coincide; affect; challenge.”

haribhyām < hari

[noun], instrumental, dual, masculine

“Vishnu; monkey; Krishna; horse; lion; Indra; Hari; Surya; Hari; haritāla; Hari; snake; frog.”

upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

yāsad < yāsat <

[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.

“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”

arvāṅ < arvāñc

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“approaching; facing; less.”

mādhyandine < mādhyaṃdina

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“midday.”

savane < savana

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“yajña; savana [word]; Snāna; Soma sacrifice; press.”

matsad < matsat < mad

[verb], singular, Aorist conj./subj.

“rut; intoxicate; delight; revel; rejoice; drink; ramp; exult.”

indraḥ < indra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

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