Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.34.3

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यो अ॑स्मै घ्रं॒स उ॒त वा॒ य ऊध॑नि॒ सोमं॑ सु॒नोति॒ भव॑ति द्यु॒माँ अह॑ । अपा॑प श॒क्रस्त॑त॒नुष्टि॑मूहति त॒नूशु॑भ्रं म॒घवा॒ यः क॑वास॒खः ॥
यो अस्मै घ्रंस उत वा य ऊधनि सोमं सुनोति भवति द्युमाँ अह । अपाप शक्रस्ततनुष्टिमूहति तनूशुभ्रं मघवा यः कवासखः ॥
yo asmai ghraṃsa uta vā ya ūdhani somaṃ sunoti bhavati dyumām̐ aha | apāpa śakras tatanuṣṭim ūhati tanūśubhram maghavā yaḥ kavāsakhaḥ ||

English translation:

“He who pours out the libation to that Indra, by day or by night, undoubtely becomes illustrious; Śakra disregards tthe man who is proud of his descendants and vain of his person n, and who, though wealthy, is the friend of the base.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Proud of his descendants and vain of his person n: tatanuṣṭim tanūśubhram = he who desires, (vaṣṭi) an extended (tata) race (santatim) and he whose person n (tanu) is decorated (śubhra) with ornaments, and in both implying svapoṣakam ayajvānam, a self-cherisher not offering sacrifice

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): saṃvaraṇaḥ prājāpatyaḥ [saṃvaraṇa prājāpatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

यः । अ॒स्मै॒ । घ्रं॒से । उ॒त । वा॒ । यः । ऊध॑नि । सोम॑म् । सु॒नोति॑ । भव॑ति । द्यु॒ऽमान् । अह॑ । अप॑ऽअप । स॒क्रः । त॒त॒नुष्टि॑म् । ऊ॒ह॒ति॒ । त॒नूऽशु॑भ्रम् । म॒घऽवा॑ । यः । क॒व॒ऽस॒खः ॥
यः । अस्मै । घ्रंसे । उत । वा । यः । ऊधनि । सोमम् । सुनोति । भवति । द्युमान् । अह । अपअप । सक्रः । ततनुष्टिम् । ऊहति । तनूशुभ्रम् । मघवा । यः । कवसखः ॥
yaḥ | asmai | ghraṃse | uta | vā | yaḥ | ūdhani | somam | sunoti | bhavati | dyu-mān | aha | apa-apa | sakraḥ | tatanuṣṭim | ūhati | tanū-śubhram | magha-vā | yaḥ | kava-sakhaḥ

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.34.3 English analysis of grammar]

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

asmai < idam

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

ghraṃsa < ghraṃse < ghraṃsa

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

uta

[adverb]

“and; besides; uta [indecl.]; similarly; alike; even.”

[adverb]

“or; optionally; either.”

ya < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

ūdhani < ūdhas

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“udder; ūdhas [word]; night.”

somaṃ < somam < soma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

sunoti < su

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“press out; su.”

bhavati < bhū

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”

dyumāṃ < dyumat

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“bright; brilliant; brilliant; loud.”

aha

[adverb]

“aha [word]; indeed.”

apāpa < apa

[adverb]

“away.”

apāpa < apa

[adverb]

“away.”

śakras < śakraḥ < śakra

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight et Arn.; ivory tree.”

tatanuṣṭim < tatanuṣṭi

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

ūhati < ūh

[verb], singular, Present indikative

tanūśubhram < tanū

[noun], feminine

“body; self; own(a); person; form.”

tanūśubhram < śubhram < śubhra

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“white; beautiful; attractive; śubhra [word]; light.”

maghavā < maghavan

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Indra; maghavan [word].”

yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

kavāsakhaḥ < kavāsakha

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

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