Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.33.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

महि॑ म॒हे त॒वसे॑ दीध्ये॒ नॄनिन्द्रा॑ये॒त्था त॒वसे॒ अत॑व्यान् । यो अ॑स्मै सुम॒तिं वाज॑सातौ स्तु॒तो जने॑ सम॒र्य॑श्चि॒केत॑ ॥
महि महे तवसे दीध्ये नॄनिन्द्रायेत्था तवसे अतव्यान् । यो अस्मै सुमतिं वाजसातौ स्तुतो जने समर्यश्चिकेत ॥
mahi mahe tavase dīdhye nṝn indrāyetthā tavase atavyān | yo asmai sumatiṃ vājasātau stuto jane samaryaś ciketa ||

English translation:

“Feeble as I am, I offer praise to the great and vigorous Indra, for this purpose, (that he may grant) strength to (our) people; he who, associated with the Maruts, shows favour to this person n when praised for the sake of sustenance.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Associated with the Maruts: samarya is an epithet of Indra; three explanations are offered for samarya: martyaiḥ, stotṛbhiḥ, sahitaḥ, together with mortals, that is, with worshippers, yuddhamānairmarudādibhiḥ, with the Maruts and other combatants, or samara arhaḥ, fir or suited to war

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): saṃvaraṇaḥ prājāpatyaḥ [saṃvaraṇa prājāpatya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): paṅktiḥ ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

महि॑ । म॒हे । त॒वसे॑ । दी॒ध्ये॒ । नॄन् । इन्द्रा॑य । इ॒त्था । त॒वसे॑ । अत॑व्यान् । यः । अ॒स्मै॒ । सु॒ऽम॒तिम् । वाज॑ऽसातौ । स्तु॒तः । जने॑ । स॒ऽम॒र्यः॑ । चि॒केत॑ ॥
महि । महे । तवसे । दीध्ये । नॄन् । इन्द्राय । इत्था । तवसे । अतव्यान् । यः । अस्मै । सुमतिम् । वाजसातौ । स्तुतः । जने । समर्यः । चिकेत ॥
mahi | mahe | tavase | dīdhye | nṝn | indrāya | itthā | tavase | atavyān | yaḥ | asmai | su-matim | vāja-sātau | stutaḥ | jane | sa-maryaḥ | ciketa

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.33.1 English analysis of grammar]

mahi

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“great; firm.”

mahe < mah

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“great; great; distinguished; much(a); adult; long; high.”

tavase < tavas

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“strong; energetic.”

dīdhye < dhī

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“think; desire; chew over.”

nṝn < nṛ

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“man; man; nṛ [word]; crew; masculine.”

indrāyetthā < indrāya < indra

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

indrāyetthā < itthā

[adverb]

“thus; here.”

tavase < tavas

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“strong; energetic.”

atavyān < a

[adverb]

“not; akāra; a [taddhita]; a [word]; a; a.”

atavyān < tavyān < tavyas

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“stronger; rich.”

yo < yaḥ < yad

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

asmai < idam

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

sumatiṃ < sumatim < sumati

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“benevolence; favor; Sumati.”

vājasātau < vājasāti

[noun], locative, singular, feminine

“victory; battle.”

stuto < stutaḥ < stu

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“laud; praise; declare; stu.”

jane < jana

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”

samaryaś < samaryaḥ < samarya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

ciketa < cit

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“notice; observe; attend to; intend.”

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