Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 5.31.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इन्द्रो॒ रथा॑य प्र॒वतं॑ कृणोति॒ यम॒ध्यस्था॑न्म॒घवा॑ वाज॒यन्त॑म् । यू॒थेव॑ प॒श्वो व्यु॑नोति गो॒पा अरि॑ष्टो याति प्रथ॒मः सिषा॑सन् ॥
इन्द्रो रथाय प्रवतं कृणोति यमध्यस्थान्मघवा वाजयन्तम् । यूथेव पश्वो व्युनोति गोपा अरिष्टो याति प्रथमः सिषासन् ॥
indro rathāya pravataṃ kṛṇoti yam adhyasthān maghavā vājayantam | yūtheva paśvo vy unoti gopā ariṣṭo yāti prathamaḥ siṣāsan ||
English translation:
“Indra, the possessor of opulence, directs downwards the car over which, intended (to receive sacrificial) viands, he presides; he proceeds unimpeded, the first of the gods, driving (his enemies before him), as a herdsman drives the herds of cattle.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): amahīyuḥ;Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इन्द्रः॑ । रथा॑य । प्र॒ऽवत॑म् । कृ॒णो॒ति॒ । यम् । अ॒धि॒ऽअस्था॑त् । म॒घऽवा॑ । व्ज॒ऽयन्त॑म् । यू॒थाऽइ॑व । प॒श्वः । वि । उ॒नो॒ति॒ । गो॒पाः । अरि॑ष्टः । या॒ति॒ । प्र॒थ॒मः । सिसा॑सन् ॥
इन्द्रः । रथाय । प्रवतम् । कृणोति । यम् । अधिअस्थात् । मघवा । व्जयन्तम् । यूथाइव । पश्वः । वि । उनोति । गोपाः । अरिष्टः । याति । प्रथमः । सिसासन् ॥
indraḥ | rathāya | pra-vatam | kṛṇoti | yam | adhi-asthāt | magha-vā | vja-yantam | yūthāiva | paśvaḥ | vi | unoti | gopāḥ | ariṣṭaḥ | yāti | prathamaḥ | sisāsan
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 5.31.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“chariot; warrior; ratha [word]; Dalbergia oojeinensis; rattan.”
[noun], accusative, singular, feminine
“slope; river.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“who; which; yat [pronoun].”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“reach; board; repose on; govern; sit down; stand; prevail.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; maghavan [word].”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“incite.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“herd; troop; battalion.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“domestic animal; sacrificial animal; animal; cattle; Paśu; stupid; Paśu; herd; goat.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“herder; defender.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“safe; unharmed.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“first; prathama [word]; third; young; chief(a); best; antecedent.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“win; gain.”