Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 5.7.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सखा॑य॒: सं व॑: स॒म्यञ्च॒मिषं॒ स्तोमं॑ चा॒ग्नये॑ । वर्षि॑ष्ठाय क्षिती॒नामू॒र्जो नप्त्रे॒ सह॑स्वते ॥
सखायः सं वः सम्यञ्चमिषं स्तोमं चाग्नये । वर्षिष्ठाय क्षितीनामूर्जो नप्त्रे सहस्वते ॥
sakhāyaḥ saṃ vaḥ samyañcam iṣaṃ stomaṃ cāgnaye | varṣiṣṭhāya kṣitīnām ūrjo naptre sahasvate ||

English translation:

“Friends, offer fitting praise and food to Agni, the most liberal benefactor of men, the powerful son of strength.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Upo naptre = balasya putrāya; or, urj = water; the grandson of water = the timber and hence, fire the offspring of fuel

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): iṣa ātreyaḥ [iṣa ātreya];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍanuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सखा॑यः । सम् । वः॒ । स॒म्यञ्च॑म् । इष॑म् । स्तोम॑म् । च॒ । अ॒ग्नये॑ । वर्षि॑ष्ठाय । क्षि॒ती॒नाम् । ऊ॒र्जः । नप्त्रे॑ । सह॑स्वते ॥
सखायः । सम् । वः । सम्यञ्चम् । इषम् । स्तोमम् । च । अग्नये । वर्षिष्ठाय । क्षितीनाम् । ऊर्जः । नप्त्रे । सहस्वते ॥
sakhāyaḥ | sam | vaḥ | samyañcam | iṣam | stomam | ca | agnaye | varṣiṣṭhāya | kṣi tīnām | ūrjaḥ | naptre | sahasvate

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 5.7.1 English analysis of grammar]

sakhāyaḥ < sakhi

[noun], vocative, plural, masculine

“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”

saṃ < sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

vaḥ < tvad

[noun], genitive, plural

“you.”

samyañcam < samyañc

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“conjugate; united.”

iṣaṃ < iṣam < iṣ

[noun], accusative, singular, feminine

“refreshment; enjoyment; stores.”

stomaṃ < stomam < stoma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“hymn; Stoma; stoma [word].”

cāgnaye < ca

[adverb]

“and; besides; then; now; even.”

cāgnaye < agnaye < agni

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

varṣiṣṭhāya < varṣiṣṭha

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“highest.”

kṣitīnām < kṣiti

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“floor; Earth; earth; pṛthivī; people; dwelling; battlefield; Earth; estate; colony; house.”

ūrjo < ūrjaḥ < ūrj

[noun], genitive, singular, feminine

“strength; refreshment; vigor; food; strengthening.”

naptre < naptṛ

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“grandson; nephew; naptṛ [word].”

sahasvate < sahasvat

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“mighty; powerful.”

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