Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 4.58.5

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ए॒ता अ॑र्षन्ति॒ हृद्या॑त्समु॒द्राच्छ॒तव्र॑जा रि॒पुणा॒ नाव॒चक्षे॑ । घृ॒तस्य॒ धारा॑ अ॒भि चा॑कशीमि हिर॒ण्ययो॑ वेत॒सो मध्य॑ आसाम् ॥
एता अर्षन्ति हृद्यात्समुद्राच्छतव्रजा रिपुणा नावचक्षे । घृतस्य धारा अभि चाकशीमि हिरण्ययो वेतसो मध्य आसाम् ॥
etā arṣanti hṛdyāt samudrāc chatavrajā ripuṇā nāvacakṣe | ghṛtasya dhārā abhi cākaśīmi hiraṇyayo vetaso madhya āsām ||

English translation:

“These hundred-channeled showers fall from the heart-delighting firmament, unobserved by the hostile (cloud); I look upon these showers of Ghī, (and behold) the golden Vetasa in the midst of them.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Samudra, the showers is implied by the epithet śata vraja, copious, either of water or ghī;

Vetasa = Agni, either as lightning or the sun; or the fire of sacrifice; another interpretation: etā arṣanti, vācā udgacchanti, these words originate from the ocean of the water of faith, purified by the metres and other supplementary portions of the Vedas, amidst which words the ṛṣis see the golden form of Agni, for Agni is the deity presiding over speech, or holy texts, agnir hi vacām adhiṣṭhātri devatā

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ sūryo vā'po vā gāvo vā ghṛtaṃ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛduṣṇik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ए॒ताः । अ॒र्ष॒न्ति॒ । हृद्या॑त् । स॒मु॒द्रात् । श॒तऽव्र॑जाः । रि॒पुणा॑ । न । अ॒व॒ऽचक्षे॑ । घृ॒तस्य॑ । धाराः॑ । अ॒भि । चा॒क॒सी॒मि॒ । हि॒र॒ण्ययः॑ । वे॒त॒सः । मध्ये॑ । आ॒सा॒म् ॥
एताः । अर्षन्ति । हृद्यात् । समुद्रात् । शतव्रजाः । रिपुणा । न । अवचक्षे । घृतस्य । धाराः । अभि । चाकसीमि । हिरण्ययः । वेतसः । मध्ये । आसाम् ॥
etāḥ | arṣanti | hṛdyāt | samudrāt | śata-vrajāḥ | ripuṇā | na | ava-cakṣe | ghṛtasya | dhārāḥ | abhi | cākasīmi | hiraṇyayaḥ | vetasaḥ | madhye | āsām

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 4.58.5 English analysis of grammar]

etā < etāḥ < etad

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); etad [word].”

arṣanti < ṛṣ

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“run.”

hṛdyāt < hṛdya

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“good for the heart; dainty; pleasant.”

samudrācchatavrajā < samudrāt < samudra

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

“ocean; Samudra; sea; samudra [word]; four.”

samudrācchatavrajā < śata

[noun], neuter

“hundred; one-hundredth; śata [word].”

samudrācchatavrajā < vrajāḥ < vraja

[noun], nominative, plural, feminine

“cow pen; Vraja; battalion; Vraja; Vraja; vraja [word]; vraj; herd; flock; group.”

ripuṇā < ripu

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“enemy; arivarga; Ripu; foe.”

nāvacakṣe < < na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

nāvacakṣe < avacakṣe < avacakṣ < √cakṣ

[verb noun]

“view.”

ghṛtasya < ghṛta

[noun], genitive, singular, neuter

“ghee; fat.”

dhārā < dhārāḥ < dhārā

[noun], accusative, plural, feminine

“flush; flow; current; spring; fountain.”

abhi

[adverb]

“towards; on.”

cākaśīmi < cākaś < √kāś

[verb], singular, Present indikative

hiraṇyayo < hiraṇyayaḥ < hiraṇyaya

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“gold; aureate; hiraṇyaya [word].”

vetaso < vetasaḥ < vetasa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“rattan; vetasa [word].”

madhya < madhye < madhya

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“midst; center; cavity; inside; middle; center; waist; group; pulp; torso; time interval; area; series; madhya [word]; Madhya; noon; middle; middle age; span; belly.”

āsām < idam

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

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