Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.58.4
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रिधा॑ हि॒तं प॒णिभि॑र्गु॒ह्यमा॑नं॒ गवि॑ दे॒वासो॑ घृ॒तमन्व॑विन्दन् । इन्द्र॒ एकं॒ सूर्य॒ एकं॑ जजान वे॒नादेकं॑ स्व॒धया॒ निष्ट॑तक्षुः ॥
त्रिधा हितं पणिभिर्गुह्यमानं गवि देवासो घृतमन्वविन्दन् । इन्द्र एकं सूर्य एकं जजान वेनादेकं स्वधया निष्टतक्षुः ॥
tridhā hitam paṇibhir guhyamānaṃ gavi devāso ghṛtam anv avindan | indra ekaṃ sūrya ekaṃ jajāna venād ekaṃ svadhayā niṣ ṭatakṣuḥ ||
English translation:
“The gods discovered the Ghī concealed by the Paṇis, plural ced three-fold in the cow; Indra genitive rated one (portion), Sūrya another, the (other gods) fabricated one from the resplendent (Agni), for the sake of the oblation.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The paṇis are asuras; the three forms or states in which the ghī was deposited in the cow were milk, curds and butter, of which Indra engendered jajāna, milk, Sūrya butter, and the god (devāsaḥ) fabricated (tatakṣuḥ) curds from the shining, venāt, that is Agni; another rendering is devāsaḥ dvijātayaḥ, the twice-born
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ sūryo vā'po vā gāvo vā ghṛtaṃ vā ;
Chandas (meter): anuṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्रिधा॑ । हि॒तम् । प॒णिऽभिः॑ । गु॒ह्यमा॑नम् । गवि॑ । दे॒वासः॑ । घृ॒तम् । अनु॑ । अ॒वि॒न्द॒न् । इन्द्रः॑ । एक॑म् । सूर्यः॑ । एक॑म् । ज॒जा॒न॒ । वे॒नात् । एक॑म् । स्व॒धया॑ । निः । त॒त॒क्षुः॒ ॥
त्रिधा । हितम् । पणिभिः । गुह्यमानम् । गवि । देवासः । घृतम् । अनु । अविन्दन् । इन्द्रः । एकम् । सूर्यः । एकम् । जजान । वेनात् । एकम् । स्वधया । निः । ततक्षुः ॥
tridhā | hitam | paṇi-bhiḥ | guhyamānam | gavi | devāsaḥ | ghṛtam | anu | avindan | indraḥ | ekam | sūryaḥ | ekam | jajāna | venāt | ekam | svadhayā | niḥ | tatakṣuḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.58.4 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“threefold.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”
[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine
“niggard; paṇ.”
[verb noun], accusative, singular
“hide; cover; conceal; shroud; obscure.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“ghee; fat.”
[adverb]
“subsequently; behind; along; towards; because.”
[verb], plural, Imperfect
“find; detect; marry; get; think.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“sun; Surya; sūrya [word]; right nostril; twelve; Calotropis gigantea Beng.; sūryakānta; sunlight; best.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], ablative, singular, masculine
“Vena.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“one; single(a); alone(p); some(a); single(a); eka [word]; alone(p); excellent; each(a); some(a); one; same; alone(p); some(a); consistent; any(a); undifferentiated; disjunct.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine
“free will; offering; libation; nature; svadhā [word]; comfort; power.”
[adverb]
“niḥ; away; out; without.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“produce; shape; fashion; chisel; invent.”