Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.52.2
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अश्वे॑व चि॒त्रारु॑षी मा॒ता गवा॑मृ॒ताव॑री । सखा॑भूद॒श्विनो॑रु॒षाः ॥
अश्वेव चित्रारुषी माता गवामृतावरी । सखाभूदश्विनोरुषाः ॥
aśveva citrāruṣī mātā gavām ṛtāvarī | sakhābhūd aśvinor uṣāḥ ||
English translation:
“Like a beautiful mare, the radiant mother of the rays of light, the object of sacrifice, (she) is the friend of the Aśvins.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Mother of the rays of light: mātā gavām = raśmiṇām mātā; she is the friend of the aśvins: the aśvins are to be worshipped together with the Dawn; since gavām = rays of light, the phrase gavām ayana relates to the winter solstice when the mahāvrata is initiateḍ
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): uṣāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛdgāyatrī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
अश्वा॑ऽइव । चि॒त्रा । अरु॑षी । मा॒ता । गवा॑म् । ऋ॒तऽव॑री । सखा॑ । अ॒भू॒त् । अ॒श्विनोः॑ । उ॒षाः ॥
अश्वाइव । चित्रा । अरुषी । माता । गवाम् । ऋतवरी । सखा । अभूत् । अश्विनोः । उषाः ॥
aśvāiva | citrā | aruṣī | mātā | gavām | ṛta-varī | sakhā | abhūt | aśvinoḥ | uṣāḥ
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.52.2 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“mare.”
[adverb]
“like; as it were; somehow; just so.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“manifold; extraordinary; beautiful; divers(a); varicolored; bright; bright; bright; outstanding; agitated; aglitter(p); brilliant; painted; obvious; patched; bizarre.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“red; red.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“mother; mātṛkā; mātṛ [word]; parent; Salvinia cucullata Roxb.; Citrullus colocynthis Schrad.; cow.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“cow; cattle; go [word]; Earth; bull; floor; milk; beam; sunbeam; leather; hide; horn; language; bowstring; earth; ox; Svarga.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“law-abiding; faithful; righteous.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“become; be; originate; transform; happen; result; exist; be born; be; be; come to life; grow; elapse; come to mind; thrive; become; impend; show; conceive; understand; stand; constitute; serve; apply; behave.”
[noun], genitive, dual, masculine
“Asvins; two.”
[noun], nominative, singular, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”