Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.51.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इ॒दमु॒ त्यत्पु॑रु॒तमं॑ पु॒रस्ता॒ज्ज्योति॒स्तम॑सो व॒युना॑वदस्थात् । नू॒नं दि॒वो दु॑हि॒तरो॑ विभा॒तीर्गा॒तुं कृ॑णवन्नु॒षसो॒ जना॑य ॥
इदमु त्यत्पुरुतमं पुरस्ताज्ज्योतिस्तमसो वयुनावदस्थात् । नूनं दिवो दुहितरो विभातीर्गातुं कृणवन्नुषसो जनाय ॥
idam u tyat purutamam purastāj jyotis tamaso vayunāvad asthāt | nūnaṃ divo duhitaro vibhātīr gātuṃ kṛṇavann uṣaso janāya ||
English translation:
“This widely-spread and sense-bestowing light has sprung up in the east from out of the darkness; verily the brilliant Dawns, the daughters of heaven, are giving to man (the faculty to act).”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Gātum kṛṇavan janāya = yajamānānām gamanādi vyāpāra sāmarthyam akurvan, they give to the offerer of sacrifice the ability to perform the acts such as going
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): uṣāḥ ;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
इ॒दम् । ऊँ॒ इति॑ । त्यत् । पु॒रु॒ऽतम॑म् । पु॒रस्ता॑त् । ज्योतिः॑ । तम॑सः । व॒युन॑ऽवत् । अ॒स्था॒त् । नू॒नम् । दि॒वः । दु॒हि॒तरः॑ । वि॒ऽभा॒तीः । गा॒तुम् । कृ॒ण॒व॒न् । उ॒षसः॑ । जना॑य ॥
इदम् । ऊँ इति । त्यत् । पुरुतमम् । पुरस्तात् । ज्योतिः । तमसः । वयुनवत् । अस्थात् । नूनम् । दिवः । दुहितरः । विभातीः । गातुम् । कृणवन् । उषसः । जनाय ॥
idam | oṃ iti | tyat | puru-tamam | purastāt | jyotiḥ | tamasaḥ | vayuna-vat | asthāt | nūnam | divaḥ | duhitaraḥ | vi-bhātīḥ | gātum | kṛṇavan | uṣasaḥ | janāya
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.51.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[adverb]
“ukāra; besides; now; indeed; u.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“that.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“most(a).”
[adverb]
“ahead; eastward; earlier; above; above.”
[noun], nominative, singular, neuter
“light; star; luminosity; fire; jyotis [word]; digestion; planet; light; sunlight.”
[noun], ablative, singular, neuter
“dark; darkness; Tamas; tamas [word]; faint; tamas; gloom; ignorance.”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“stay; stand; situate; exist; [in]; resist; endure; put; soak; be; stop; adhere; get stale; concentrate; grow; trust; wake; consociate; last; dwell; lie; stand; stop.”
[adverb]
“now; surely; immediately; just.”
[noun], genitive, singular, masculine
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“daughter; duhitṛ [word].”
[verb noun], nominative, plural
“shine.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“path; way.”
[verb], plural, Present conjunctive (subjunctive)
“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”
[noun], nominative, plural, feminine
“Ushas; dawn; uṣas [word]; morning.”
[noun], dative, singular, masculine
“people; national; man; relative; jan; Janaloka; person; jana [word]; man; attendant; Jana; foreigner; inhabitant; group.”